Cattle transport: Historical, research, and future perspectives

Swanson, J. C.; Morrow-Tesch, J.L.

doi:10.2527/jas2001.79e-supple102x

Cited by 138 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Any practice that can generate animal stress during transport, such as mixing cattle from different farms and over loading trucks should be avoided (Small & Buncic, 2009). Likewise, trucks should be cleaned and disinfected after each transport of cattle (Swanson & Morrow-Tesch, 2001). At the abattoir, the lairage period should be kept to a strict minimum.…”

Section: Preslaughter Contamination Of Live Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Niyonzima¹,

Ongol²,

Kimonyo³

et al. 2015

JFR

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Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli are known to be the major bacterial agents responsible for human foodborne infections attributable to meat. A review of the specialized literature was carried out to identify the risk factors for bovine meat contamination by these pathogens from the cattle farm to meat consumption. Animal stress during transport to the slaughterhouse and the duration of the lairage period were identified as the key factors influencing the faecal excretion of Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli as well as cattle contamination prior to slaughter. At the abattoir level, hides and visceral contents appear to be the main sources of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate carcasses along the meat production chain. Finally, temperature abuses during distribution and meat contamination by infected handlers were found to be important contributors to the post-slaughter contamination of bovine meat. The findings of this study indicate that efficient management of human food borne infections attributable to bovine meat requires an integrated application of control measures involving all actors along the meat chain, namely slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, distributors and consumers.

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Section: Preslaughter Contamination Of Live Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Niyonzima¹,

Ongol²,

Kimonyo³

et al. 2015

JFR

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“…The transport of live cattle is known to be stressful, and can lead to immune suppression, particularly in calves (Swanson & Morrow-Tesch 2001). Meanwhile, it is not yet clear whether changes in the relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets in cattle follow a circadian rhythm, as cortisol does (Riondato et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cattle experience various kinds of stress, but transport is considered one of the most stressful events. Transport is known to affect the immune system of cattle via many factors (Swanson & Morrow-Tesch 2001, Knowles & Warriss 2007. There are various immunological or hormonal indices for a study on stress, although a perfect index does not exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Lymphocyte Subsets of Holstein Calves Caused by Short-term Transportation

Kanematsu

Aoki

Shingu

et al. 2017

JARQ

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In order to study the possibility of using lymphocyte subsets as a stress indicator, the changes of the subset proportion in peripheral blood were examined after transportation. Six 3-month-old male Holstein calves were transported for about 3 h in a lorry via an ordinary road. Blood samples were collected at the expected unloading time on the day before transport (T0), immediately after unloading (T1), 24 h after unloading (T2), and 1 week after unloading (T3). CD2, CD4, CD8, CD21, CD25, WC1, and NKp46 antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by flow cytometry. There was an increase in the proportions of CD25+ cells and WC1+ γδT cells at T1 and T2. The proportions of NK cells increased at T1, including an increase in the population of CD2-NK cells. CD2+ NK cells did not show any change. The proportions at T1 were lower than at T3 in CD21+ B cells. CD4+ and CD8+ αβT cells did not change significantly, although CD2+ T cells showed a trend toward reduction at T1. Consequently, CD2-NK cells and WC1+ γδT cells might offer potential as stress index for calf transport.

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“…Dixit et al (2001) observed that immunoglobulin G1 concentrations were elevated in transported calves as compared with non-transported controls, indicating a possible enhanced function of the B lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, several reports on increased lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to mitogen stimulation following transport in cattle have been published (Murata et al, 1987;Murata and Hirose, 1991;Swanson and Morrow-Tesch, 2001). The data by Murata et al (1987) represent the assays available at the time, but these parameters (i.e.…”

Section: Immunological Response To Transport Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During preconditioning, animals are weaned, vaccinated, castrated, dehorned and handled in advance of transportation as opposed to occurring simultaneously or after cattle are transported (Duff and Galyean, 2007). Swanson and Morrow-Tesch (2001) reported that young cattle exhibit increased mortality and morbidity during transportation compared with older cattle due to a lack of exposure to the new environment and a naive immune system. In contrast, Knowles et al (1997) found a negative correlation between age at transport and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease

Earley

Sporer

Gupta

2017

Animal

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The association between transportation and the occurrence of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) has long been recognised. Many hypotheses regarding this association have been declared through the past decades, and it is agreed upon by most researchers that the multiple stressors that calves experience during transportation result in an overall immunosuppression that allows the respiratory tract to be invaded by numerous opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, the innate immune cells, neutrophils, may be trapped in a paradox whereby their crucial defence and pathogen-killing activities are counteracted by excessive inflammation and tissue damage that may exacerbate disease, including the BRDC. Neutrophilia in response to glucocorticoids has been attributed to an influx of immature neutrophils newly released from the bone marrow, a decrease in neutrophil margination along endothelial walls, and a decrease in neutrophil apoptosis. Several of these explanations have been confirmed by altered expression of genes and proteins important for neutrophil margination and apoptosis.

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Cattle transport: Historical, research, and future perspectives

Cited by 138 publications

References 43 publications

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Change in Lymphocyte Subsets of Holstein Calves Caused by Short-term Transportation

Invited review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease

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