Caudal proximal tibial deformity and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small‐breed dogs

Abstract

Eight dogs presented with chronic hindlimb lameness associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Seven were small terriers. A caudal deformity of the proximal tibial shaft, originating at the proximal tibial physis, and an excessive caudal slope of the tibial plateau were present bilaterally in all dogs. The deformity was thought to be responsible for the cranial cruciate ligament failure and poor response to conservative management. Tibial plateau angles were in excess of 26 degrees in all dogs. The lameness was bilateral in three dogs. There was complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture in seven stifles and partial rupture in four. There were no meniscal injuries. Surgical correction resulted in a significant improvement (P<0.0001) in all dogs, with a mean follow-up of 12 months (range three to 24 months). There were no complications.

Outcome of Tibial Closing Wedge Osteotomy in 55 Cranial Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Stifles of Small Dogs (<15 kg)

“…Our criteria for dogs less than 15 kg body weight included all small breed dogs seen in our hospital. These dogs have the potential for excessive tibial slopes . Previous studies categorize dogs with a TPA greater than 34° as having excessive TPA .…”

“…Previous studies categorize dogs with a TPA greater than 34° as having excessive TPA . Excessive TPA is often associated with significant caudal tibial bowing and frequently occurs in terrier breeds and miniature poodles . Selmi et al evaluated 5 adult dogs with CrCL‐deficient stifles (miniature poodles and crossbreed poodles) with a mean body weight of 9.3 kg and all had excessive TPA ranging from 55–60° .…”

Effect of anatomic variation in caudal tibial plateau on the tibial plateau angle in dogs: a cadaveric study

“…The tibial plateau angle (TPA), which expresses the degree of tibial plateau slope, affects cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture and is an important parameter in the planning of tibial osteotomy in dogs (Morris & Lipowitz , Selmi & Filho , Macias et al . , Wilke et al . , Reif & Probst , Buote et al .…”

Tibial plateau angle: methods of measurement, value, applicability

“…W tej grupie najczęściej występowała rasa labrador retriever, u którego średnia wartość TPA wynosiła 25° (26,49,52,63,67). Ostatnio przedstawiono dane dotyczące średnich wartości TPA dla psów ras małych, dla których wartości znajdowały się między 27,4° a 29,2° (osiągając wartości od 16,8° do 46,2°) (2,39,61).…”

“…Przedstawiono różne przyczyny nadmiernej inklinacji bliżej powierzchni stawowej kości piszczelowej, do których należą: opóźniony wzrost doogonowej części bliższej nasady kości piszczelowej, uraz, nieodpowiednie ukrwienie tej okolicy, wzajemny wpływ mięśnia czworogłowego uda i brzuchatego łydki, a także zbyt wcześnie przeprowadzona kastracja lub sterylizacja (przed osiągnięciem 6. miesiąca życia) (18,25,39,45,46,56).…”