Caudal vena cava obstruction caused by redundant pacemaker lead in a dog

Stauthammer, Christopher D.; Tobias, Anthony H.; Olson, Janet

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2009.02.008

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The pattern of collateral venous pathways can also be predicted on the basis of the level of the obstruction . In dogs, caudal vena cava obstructions or increases in flow resistance have been most commonly described as acquired conditions, typically caused by neoplasia, trauma, and thrombosis . Congenital obstructive conditions of the caudal vena cava have been rarely reported in humans and dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Collateral Venous Pathways in Dogs With Caudal Vena Cava Obstruction

Specchi

d’Anjou

Carmel

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Collateral venous pathways develop in dogs with obstruction or increased blood flow resistance at any level of the caudal vena cava in order to maintain venous drainage to the right atrium. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the sites, causes of obstruction, and configurations of venous collateral pathways for a group of dogs with caudal vena cava obstruction. Computed tomography databases from two veterinary hospitals were searched for dogs with a diagnosis of caudal vena cava obstruction and multidetector row computed tomographic angiographic (CTA) scans that included the entire caudal vena cava. Images for each included dog were retrieved and collateral venous pathways were characterized using image postprocessing and a classification system previously reported for humans. A total of nine dogs met inclusion criteria and four major collateral venous pathways were identified: deep (n = 2), portal (n = 2), intermediate (n = 7), and superficial (n = 5). More than one collateral venous pathway was present in 5 dogs. An alternative pathway consisting of renal subcapsular collateral veins, arising mainly from the caudal pole of both kidneys, was found in three dogs. In conclusion, findings indicated that collateral venous pathway patterns similar to those described in humans are also present in dogs with caudal vena cava obstruction. These collateral pathways need to be distinguished from other vascular anomalies in dogs. Postprocessing of multidetector-row CTA images allowed delineation of the course of these complicated venous pathways and may be a helpful adjunct for treatment planning in future cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Collateral Venous Pathways in Dogs With Caudal Vena Cava Obstruction

Specchi

d’Anjou

Carmel

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“… 1 , 17 , 18 Additionally, a dog with intrathoracic caudal vena cava obstruction also had impaired venous return to the heart, reduced cardiac output and renal blood flow, leading to secondary azotaemia. 19 This dog presented with more clinical findings including ascites, diarrhoea, lethargy, tacky mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, a non-pulsatile left jugular vein and pitting oedema in the hindlimbs. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… 19 This dog presented with more clinical findings including ascites, diarrhoea, lethargy, tacky mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, a non-pulsatile left jugular vein and pitting oedema in the hindlimbs. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Caval foramen hernia in a cat

Siow

Hoon

Jenkins

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 3-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented for a 2-week history of hyporexia, lethargy and weight loss. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and cholesterol were mildly elevated. Thoracic radiographs identified a lobulated soft tissue opacity in the caudal thorax to the right of midline, with the border effacing the caudal vena cava and broad-based towards the diaphragm. The broad base was suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia, with the other radiographic features and location suggestive of caval foramen hernia. Ultrasound confirmed diaphragmatic hernia with liver herniation. CT showed the herniation of multiple liver lobes and the gallbladder through a defect at the caval foramen. Herniorrhaphy was performed via ventral midline coeliotomy. Following this procedure, the cat’s clinical signs resolved and its weight has been regained. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful caval foramen herniorrhaphy in a cat. Caval foramen hernia is a type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The authors suggest that its embryopathology involves defective septum transversum development. The case was detected during the standard diagnostic investigation of non-specific clinical signs. Its radiographic findings may easily be mistaken for a pulmonary mass. Although not seen in our case, caval foramen hernia is commonly associated with caudal vena cava obstruction, which can potentially result in Budd–Chiari-like syndrome.

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“…. 331–364 Most were case series or single case reports (LOE 5), and 1240 dogs were described, of which 60 had suspected or confirmed thrombosis (5%). Two studies were experimental (LOE 3) but of poor quality 336,361 .…”

Section: Peco Question: Transvenous Pacemaker (Dogs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies reported comorbidities, including trauma, PLN and infection, that could have contributed to the risk of thrombosis 244,331,338,344,345,357,358,360,362,363 . Four publications (LOE 5) were considered neutral to the PECO question either due to lack of follow‐up, multiple possible causes for thrombosis, or reasons other than the presence of a pacemaker that were deemed likely to result in thrombosis (e.g., stenosis) 334,337,339,346 …”

Section: Peco Question: Transvenous Pacemaker (Dogs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1‐ Defining populations at risk

deLaforcade

Bacek

Blais

et al. 2022

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objectives: To expand the number of conditions and interventions explored for their associations with thrombosis in the veterinary literature and to provide the basis for prescribing recommendations. Design: A population exposure comparison outcome format was used to represent patient, exposure, comparison, and outcome. Population Exposure Comparison Outcome questions were distributed to worksheet authors who performed comprehensive searches, summarized the evidence, and created guideline recommendations that were reviewed by domain chairs. The revised guidelines then underwent the Delphi survey process to reach consensus on the final guidelines. Diseases evaluated in this iteration included heartworm disease (dogs and cats), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (cats), protein-losing nephropathy (cats), protein-losing enteropathy (dogs and cats), sepsis (cats), hyperadrenocorticism (cats), liver disease (dogs), congenital portosystemic shunts (dogs and cats) and the following interventions: IV catheters (dogs and cats), arterial catheters (dogs and cats), vascular access ports (dogs and cats), extracorporeal circuits (dogs and cats) and transvenous pacemakers (dogs and cats).Results: Of the diseases evaluated in this iteration, a high risk for thrombosis was defined as heartworm disease or protein-losing enteropathy. Low risk for thrombosis was defined as dogs with liver disease, cats with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, protein-losing nephropathy, sepsis, or hyperadrenocorticism. Conclusions:Associations with thrombosis are outlined for various conditions and interventions and provide the basis for management recommendations. Numerous knowledge gaps were identified that represent opportunities for future studies.

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Caudal vena cava obstruction caused by redundant pacemaker lead in a dog

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Collateral Venous Pathways in Dogs With Caudal Vena Cava Obstruction

Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Collateral Venous Pathways in Dogs With Caudal Vena Cava Obstruction

Caval foramen hernia in a cat

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1‐ Defining populations at risk

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