Causal Analysis of the Factors Influencing Vehicle Following Distance Using Immersive Virtual Environments

Rentala, Girish; Zhu, Yimin; Mukhopadhyay, Supratik

doi:10.1061/9780784484876.041

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Considering the QoS while designing a system essentially improves certain aspects of human interactions with the system such as ensuring the ease of usage, minimizing human-centric decision-making while operating the system, etc. To that end, we propose to define QoS essentially in terms of a set of user-centric goals, such as improving the energy behavior and the comfort level in a building, ensuring the lack of congestion, timeliness, and safety of commuters in intelligent transportation systems 19 , etc.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the above augmented IVE-based model, we specify the QoS of a CPS in terms of contextual factors, which in turn can be used to realize a context-aware design of a system. Though we have used the example of building design, the same approach can be applied to design problems in other domains as well, such as intelligent transportation systems 19 , where QoS-aware design needs to be performed for constructing context-sensitive systems such as context-aware route recommendation and dynamic navigation systems which are becoming increasingly important in the current age 7 . The proposed technique of system design is also quite relevant for financial services such as stock prediction and financial health analysis, whose accuracy varies radically with changing contextual factors as well as user behaviors (e.g., user's risk perception that depends on contextual factors) 6 .…”

Section: Overview Of the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 19 , Rentala et al propose techniques to model the causal relationship between traffic crash events and the driver's behavior with respect to maintaining the stipulated following-distance, i.e., in maintaining a safe distance between the concerned vehicle and any vehicle it may be following. Rentala et al has leveraged data obtained from IVE experiments to model the impact of the following behavior of drivers on the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of crashes.…”

Section: Generalizability: Intelligent Transportation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

Sidhanta,

Chokwitthaya,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There is a lot of confusion and ambiguity regarding the quantification of the Quality of Service (QoS) * of a system, especially for cyber-physical systems (CPS) involved in automating or controlling the operations in built environments and critical urban infrastructures, such as office buildings, factories, transportation systems, smart cities, etc. In these cases, the QoS, as experienced by human users, depends on the context in which they (i.e., humans) interact with these systems. Traditionally, the QoS of a CPS has been defined in terms of absolute metrics. Such measures are unable to take into account the variations in performance due to contextual factors arising out of different kinds of human interactions. Further, the QoS of a CPS has typically been evaluated by comparing the performance of the actual, fully realized system with the given QoS constraints only after the actual system has been completely developed. In the case of faults in the design exposed by observed deviations from the QoS constraints due to unpredicted variations in the contextual factors, the system needs to be redesigned and redeveloped from scratch. Due to the above-mentioned reason, the validation approach associated with the traditional QoS makes the design of CPS systems prohibitively expensive, impractical, as well as infeasible in numerous application areas, such as civil and engineering works, since it may not be possible to modify the system once developed beyond a certain extent. To that end, we propose a context-aware definition of QoS of a CPS which facilitates the design of robust systems as elaborated below. In this paper, we define QoS as a function of contextual factors. A CPS designed according to our QoS specifications would always satisfy the QoS irrespective of any possible changes in contextual factors resulting from many different human interactions that may occur during operation of the system. We also present QACDes-a novel framework that provides a formal mechanism for validating the design of a CPS with respect to the specified QoS constraints at the design phase as well as after the realization of the actual system. QACDes can validate any given CPS, irrespective of its application domain, against a QoS guarantee: A) as early as even before the design phase by comparing the proposed model with a baseline model, or B) after the realization of the actual system based on logs collected from running the actual system. Using the automated lighting control system in a building † as a use case, we analyze and demonstrate the effectiveness of our QoS definition as well as the QACDes framework against the performance metric measured in an actual fully-realized CPS.

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Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalizability: Intelligent Transportation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

Sidhanta,

Chokwitthaya,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

QACDes: QoS-aware context-sensitive design of cyber-physical systems

Sidhanta,

Chokwitthaya,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a lot of confusion and ambiguity regarding the quantification of the Quality of Service (QoS) of a system, especially for cyber-physical systems (CPS) involved in automating or controlling the operations in built environments and critical urban infrastructures, such as office buildings, factories, transportation systems, smart cities, etc. In these cases, the QoS, as experienced by human users, depends on the context in which they (i.e., humans) interact with these systems. Traditionally, the QoS of a CPS has been defined in terms of absolute metrics. Such measures are unable to take into account the variations in performance due to contextual factors arising out of different kinds of human interactions. Further, the QoS of a CPS has typically been evaluated by comparing the performance of the actual, fully realized system with the given QoS constraints only after the actual system has been completely developed. In the case of faults in the design exposed by observed deviations from the QoS constraints due to unpredicted variations in the contextual factors, the system needs to be re-designed and re-developed from scratch. Due to the above-mentioned reason, the validation approach associated with the traditional QoS makes the design of CPS systems prohibitively expensive, impractical, as well as infeasible in numerous application areas, such as civil and engineering works, since it may not be possible to modify the system once developed beyond a certain extent. To that end, we propose a context-aware definition of QoS of a CPS which facilitates the design of robust systems as elaborated below. In this paper, we define QoS as a function of contextual factors. A CPS designed according to our QoS specifications would always satisfy the QoS irrespective of any possible changes in contextual factors resulting from many different human interactions that may occur during operation of the system. We also present QACDes - a novel framework that provides a formal mechanism for validating the design of a CPS with respect to the specified QoS constraints at the design phase as well as after the realization of the actual system. QACDes can validate any given CPS, irrespective of its application domain, against a QoS guarantee: (A) as early as even before the design phase by comparing the proposed model with a baseline model, or (B) after the realization of the actual system based on logs collected from running the actual system. We consider a lighting control system that manages the light switches - switching it on/off depending on contextual factors, such as the presence of occupants and time of the day. Using the lighting control system in a building as a use case, we analyze and demonstrate the effectiveness of our QoS definition as well as the QACDes framework against the performance metric measured in an actual fully-realized CPS.

show abstract

Causal Analysis of the Factors Influencing Vehicle Following Distance Using Immersive Virtual Environments

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

QACDes: QoS-aware context-sensitive design of cyber-physical systems

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