Causal associations between major depressive disorder and COVID-19

Baranova, Ancha; Zhao, Yi; Cao, Hongbao; Zhang, Fuquan

doi:10.1136/gpsych-2022-101006

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In recent years, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis has been frequently employed to explore causal relationships between various diseases ( Baranova et al , 2023a , 2023b , 2023c ; Cao et al , 2023 ). However, limited data exists regarding the genetic associations between ADHD/ASD and PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder

Song,

Zhao,

Baranova

et al. 2024

Psychiatric Genetics

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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders that often result in individuals experiencing traumatic events. However, little is known about the connection between ADHD/ASD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations between these disorders. Methods Genetic correlation analysis was used to examine the genetic components shared between ADHD (38 691 cases and 275 986 controls), ASD (18 381 cases and 27 969 controls) and PTSD (23 212 cases and 151 447 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were employed to explore the bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD/ASD and PTSD. Results The results of the genetic correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations of PTSD with ADHD(rg = 0.70) and ASD (rg = 0.34). Furthermore, the Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that genetic liabilities to ADHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.24; P = 7.88 × 10−4] and ASD (OR = 1.04; CI, 1.01–1.08; P = 0.014) were associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD later in life. However, no evidence supported that genetic liability to PTSD could elevate the risk of ADHD or ASD. Conclusion The findings of this study supported that ADHD and ASD may increase the risk of PTSD, but not vice versa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder

Song,

Zhao,

Baranova

et al. 2024

Psychiatric Genetics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recently, the Mendelian randomisation (MR) technique has been widely employed to evaluate causality between risk factors and diseases. [5][6][7] In MR, causality is examined by using germline genetic variants as instruments for quantifying the effect of an exposure on a specific outcome. It was reported that higher EA was associated with an increased risk for bipolar disorder (BD) but a decreased risk for attention-deficit/ WHAT Is ALrEAdY KnoWn on THIs ToPIC ⇒ Educational attainment (EA), intelligence and income are vital psychosocial factors associated with mental disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders

Baranova,

Cao,

Zhang

2024

Gen Psych

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BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that educational attainment (EA), intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental disorders. However, the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are unclear.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental disorders.MethodsUsing genome-wide association study summary datasets, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors (EA, N=766 345; household income, N=392 422; intelligence, N=146 808) and 13 common mental disorders, with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to 807 553. Inverse-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR analysis.ResultsOur MR analysis showed that (1) higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (2) higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD; (3) higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia nervosa. Our MVMR analysis showed that (1) higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia, BD and ASD; (2) higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and ASD; (3) higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders, including schizophrenia, BD, MDD, ASD, post-traumatic stress disorder, ADHD and anxiety disorder.ConclusionsOur study reveals that education, intelligence and income intertwine with each other. For each factor, its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.

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“…Except for the high prevalence, mental illness also increases susceptibility to other diseases, thereby placing a greater burden on society. Recent studies have indicated a genetic link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and coronavirus disease 2019 [ 12 ], as well as between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and diabetes [ 13 ]. Previous research has identified psychiatric disorders as potential risk factors for TMD [ 14 , 15 ], with multiple observational studies demonstrating a strong association between TMD and mental symptoms like depression and anxiety [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationship between psychiatric traits and temporomandibular disorders: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Xiang,

Song,

Liang

et al. 2023

Clin Oral Invest

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Objectives This study was to investigate the causal relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychiatric disorders by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and methods A two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was adopted to systematically explore the causal relationship between TMD and eight psychiatric traits, including anxiety disorder (AD), panic disorder (PD), major depressive disorder (MDD), neuroticism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression were used in my study. Furthermore, we also performed three sensitivity analyses to illustrate the reliability of the analysis. Results Two psychiatric traits have risk effects on TMD: PD (OR = 1.118, 95% CI: 1.047–1.194, P = 8.161 × 10−4, MDD (OR = 1.961, 95% CI: 1.450–2.653, P = 1.230 × 10−5). Despite not surpassing the strict Bonferroni correction applied (P > 0.00625), we could think that there was a suggestive causal effect of neuroticism and SCZ increasing the risk of TMD. On the reverse MR analysis, we found no significant evidence of causal effects of TMD on these psychiatric traits. Except for heterogeneity in the causal analysis for SCZ on TMD, no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were detected in the other analyses. Conclusions Our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD. Clinical relevance These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring mental traits during future TMD treatments to prevent an increased risk of TMD.

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Causal associations between major depressive disorder and COVID-19

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder

Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder

Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders

Causal relationship between psychiatric traits and temporomandibular disorders: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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