Causal mechanisms of postnatal depression among women in Gondar town, Ethiopia: application of a stress-process model with generalized structural equation modeling

Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Mwanri, Lillian; Woodman, Richard; Azale, Telake; Miller, Emma R.

doi:10.1186/s12978-020-00912-z

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Although 12.5% of women reported experiencing a probable CMDs at baseline, only 7% experienced CMD at the follow-up data collection time-point. Similar prevalence estimates have been reported in studies on postnatal CMDs from Ethiopia (53) and Zimbabwe (54) where the prevalence ranged between 9% and 34%. The low prevalence of CMDs at baseline and follow-up is likely because the majority of women were in the third trimester of pregnancy or had already given birth, as studies have found that mild to moderate symptoms of depression improve during the last trimester of pregnancy and after birth (20,55) , and that the prevalence of depression is higher during pregnancy compared to after childbirth (56) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Food insecurity and common mental disorders in perinatal women living in low socio-economic settings in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study

Abrahams

Lund

2021

Preprint

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Objective: Common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression and anxiety are highly prevalent during the perinatal period, and are associated with food insecurity, domestic violence and lack of social support. This study explores the relationship between household food insecurity, mental health status and several adverse social and economic factors experienced by perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design: Cohort study, using telephonic interviews at two time-points, three months apart. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the associations of several baseline risk factors with the occurrence of household food insecurity at follow-up as the outcome.Setting: Midwife obstetric units or basic antenatal care units in Cape Town, South Africa.Participants: The sample comprised of 880 perinatal women at baseline and 660 women at follow-up. Results: At baseline 23% were pregnant, 54% were unemployed, 13% had a probable CMD, 43% were severely food insecure and 21% experienced domestic abuse in the past year. Of the 660 women interviewed at follow-up, 71% were unemployment, 3.5% were pregnant, 7% had a probable CMD, and 32% were severely food insecure. In the multivariate regression model, after controlling for ethnicity, number of children, being HIV-infected, and having a planned pregnancy, the odds of being food insecure were greater in women who were unemployed (OR=1.88; p=0.001) or had probable CMD (OR=2.20; p=0.019) at baseline. Conclusions: This study highlights a range of socio-demographic and mental health related variables that predict food insecurity among perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Food insecurity and common mental disorders in perinatal women living in low socio-economic settings in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study

Abrahams

Lund

2021

Preprint

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“…This stress model has been widely used in the study of mental illness (Dadi et al . 2020 ). Previous studies have used this theory to explore mediating factors and develop interventions to effectively optimize responses to stress (Crum et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse

Wang

Zhu

Xiao-jian

et al. 2021

Int J Mental Health Nurs

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This study aimed to explore the relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse. The sample for this study included 248 patients with schizophrenia from a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Hunan Province, China. Stressful life events, occurrence of schizophrenia relapse, and coping style were assessed by the Scale for the Social Readjustment Rating, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted to explore the relationships among coping styles, schizophrenia relapse, and stressful life events. Stressful life events and negative coping exhibited significant positive association with schizophrenia relapse, while positive coping exhibited a significant negative association with schizophrenia relapse. Stressful life events and positive coping exerted significant effects on schizophrenia relapse, while negative coping did not. We also found that both positive coping and negative coping have moderating effects on the relationship between stressful life events and schizophrenia relapse, but the relationship is weak. The study highlighted the importance of interventions designed to reduce stressful life events, promote positive coping, and address negative coping in patients with schizophrenia.

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“…Perinatal depression refers to depression occurring during pregnancy (antenatal depression) and after child birth (postnatal depression) [ 5 ]. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depression has been reported in the range from 7 to 31.1% and 9 to 33.8%, respectively [ 6 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of perinatal depression on risk of adverse infant health outcomes in mother-infant dyads in Gondar town: a causal analysis

Dadi

Miller

Woodman

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Approximately one-third of pregnant and postnatal women in Ethiopia experience depression posing a substantial health burden for these women and their families. Although associations between postnatal depression and worse infant health have been observed, there have been no studies to date assessing the causal effects of perinatal depression on infant health in Ethiopia. We applied longitudinal data and recently developed causal inference methods that reduce the risk of bias to estimate associations between perinatal depression and infant diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and malnutrition in Gondar Town, Ethiopia. Methods A cohort of 866 mother-infant dyads were followed from infant birth for 6 months and the cumulative incidence of ARI, diarrhea, and malnutrition were assessed. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the presence of maternal depression, the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) guidelines were used to identify infant ARI and diarrhea, and the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was used to identify infant malnutrition. The risk difference (RD) due to maternal depression for each outcome was estimated using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), a doubly robust causal inference method used to reduce bias in observational studies. Results The cumulative incidence of diarrhea, ARI and malnutrition during 6-month follow-up was 17.0% (95%CI: 14.5, 19.6), 21.6% (95%CI: 18.89, 24.49), and 14.4% (95%CI: 12.2, 16.9), respectively. There was no association between antenatal depression and ARI (RD = − 1.3%; 95%CI: − 21.0, 18.5), diarrhea (RD = 0.8%; 95%CI: − 9.2, 10.9), or malnutrition (RD = -7.3%; 95%CI: − 22.0, 21.8). Similarly, postnatal depression was not associated with diarrhea (RD = -2.4%; 95%CI: − 9.6, 4.9), ARI (RD = − 3.2%; 95%CI: − 12.4, 5.9), or malnutrition (RD = 0.9%; 95%CI: − 7.6, 9.5). Conclusion There was no evidence for an association between perinatal depression and the risk of infant diarrhea, ARI, and malnutrition amongst women in Gondar Town. Previous reports suggesting increased risks resulting from maternal depression may be due to unobserved confounding.

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Causal mechanisms of postnatal depression among women in Gondar town, Ethiopia: application of a stress-process model with generalized structural equation modeling

Cited by 24 publications

References 78 publications

Food insecurity and common mental disorders in perinatal women living in low socio-economic settings in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study

Food insecurity and common mental disorders in perinatal women living in low socio-economic settings in Cape Town, South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study

Relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse

Effect of perinatal depression on risk of adverse infant health outcomes in mother-infant dyads in Gondar town: a causal analysis

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