“…61.4 (Qayyum & Kamal, 2007;Qayyum & Khan 2014;Din et al, 2010;Ghouse & Khan, 2017;Jebran & Iqbal, 2016;Bhat & Shah 2015;Dar et al, 2013;Aslam, 2104;Ali, 2015). On the other hand, many researchers explored causal linkages between these variables in case of Pakistan see for example (Zubair, 2013;Khan & Ali, 2015;Zia & Rahman, 2011).…”