Causality and Blame Judgments of Negative Side Effects of Actions May Differ for Different Institutional Domains

Девятко, Инна Феликсовна; Gavrilov, Kirill

doi:10.1177/2158244020970942

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The medical domain vignette scenario requires more mental effort than the dress code one. This result is also in a good agreement with similar findings from the pre vious substantive research on these types of ordinary judgments, demonstrating the pronounced influence of information about institutional domain of actions leading to negative side effects for a third party [Deviatko, Gavrilov, 2020]. The latter study also discovered a visible predominance in respondents' sensitivity to comparable negative side effects occurring specifically in medical domain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Another hypothesis arises from previous research on the effect of institutional domains on causal, blame, and harm judgments [Deviatko, Gavrilov, 2020]. This research demonstrated a significant difference between two institutional action domains: actors in "medical"re lated vignettes were generally estimated to be more causally effective and blameworthy than actors in "dress code" -related vignettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Vignettes for Task 1 were previously used as a part of a bigger set for substantive cause and blame attribution tasks in another study [Deviatko, Gavrilov, 2020] and had the identical levels of all experimental factors used in this previous study (principal ac tion originator -individual, group, or institution; type of damage -monetary damage, or damage to health; the "remoteness" of a victim), except the factor "the institutional domain of action" which also had two levels in the current study (see И. Ф. Девятко, А. А. Бызов institutional domain described adverse situations that emerged during the purchase of medication (the "medical" domain), while the other described situations connected to the negative side effects of implementing a dress code in an organizational setting (the "dress code" domain). The respondents' answers evaluating causality, blame and severity of harm were given on corresponding 11point rating scales with increment 10, ranging from 0 (e. g., not at all the cause) to 100 (e. g., completely the cause).…”

Section: Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Respondents’ Cognitive Load Related to Making Factual and Normative Judgments

Девятко¹,

Byzov²

2022

MONITORING OF PUBLIC OPINION

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The use of various methods for measuring cognitive load and mental effort in recent years has become increasingly popular in various fields of social and affective neuroscience, in applied research on the comparative effectiveness of teaching methods and training platforms, in the study of the distribution of attention in solving various problems and using informational tips in decision making, etc. In this broader context, the specific request for a multimodal assessment of the cognitive load of interviewers and respondents and of its impact on the quality of the survey data, including the use of paradata and webcams for this purpose, has been also growing recently. We conducted a within-subject methodological experiment (N = 50) aiming at comparative measurement of task-evoked cognitive load of respondents related to two tasks of making factual and normative judgments. The first task implied making causal and blame judgments for two institutional domains (medical, work dress-code) using the similar factorial vignettes, while the second task presupposed making lay factual and normative-deontic judgments concerning migrant rights to free health care. We used in parallel two measures of task-evoked cognitive load — pupillometry (Pupil Lab glasses), and the Paas scale of mental effort. The results provide limited evidence in support of the difference that exists between ordinary judgments of cause, blame, and severity of harm in terms of their propensity to evoke psychosensory pupillary response and subjectively perceived mental effort, both reflecting the variability in the cognitive load imposed on survey respondent when performing a pertinent survey task. We also briefly discuss the evidence obtained in support of the task-specific difference in sensitivity and validity of neurophysiological and self-report-based measures of survey-related cognitive load. Acknowledgement. The research was supported by RSF (project number 22-28-00968, project title: “Eye-tracking data and pupillometry in multimodal measurement of the respondents' cognitive load”). Disclosure statement. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Respondents’ Cognitive Load Related to Making Factual and Normative Judgments

Девятко¹,

Byzov²

2022

MONITORING OF PUBLIC OPINION

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“That’s the Price You Pay”: Muscovites’ Understandings of Ecological Health Risks (in the Context of the Oncological Threat)

Lebedeva

2022

Inter

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Oncological diseases are in a special focus of social policy programmes. They are multifactorial, attributable to individuals’ lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and the external environmental factors. In the Russian healthcare system, the attempts to build a model of individual rational responsibility of individuals for themselves and for their health were being made, while sufficient institutional conditions that would allow citizens to implement the patterns of self-preservation behavior of developed countries are not fully provided. The environment, being one of the systemic factors of health, depends on infrastructural, economic, political prerequisites. At the same time, it requires a proactive subject that uses structural opportunities to manifest one’s agency. Thus, using the example of oncological diseases and their link with the environmental conditions, we aim to identify individuals’ attitudes to health and agency in selfcare. Based on the theoretical premises of interconnection between structure and agency, this study addresses the justifications that individuals apply to their health-preservation practices and oncological risks in connection with the quality of the environment or lack thereof. We take Muscovites as an example since they are the residents of a metropolis who, on the one hand, are prone to greater environmental health risks, especially in the long term, but, on the other hand, have greater access to healthcare and diagnostics.Based on the materials of 39 in-depth interviews, we conclude that environmental conditions are perceived by Muscovites as a significant factor in health, however, currently, environmental risks are insufficiently perceived as individual responsibility and an encouragement for personal proactivity. We suggest that a refusal to take a proactive position about cancer risks due to environmental factors turns is a locally rational strategy of Muscovites. Thus, Muscovites are characterized by an industrial type of self-care, in which health has a utilitarian value and is considered a ‘price’ for the benefits of an urban lifestyle, for industrialization and self-realization. Yet, Muscovites, in our opinion, would be ready to respond to environmental institutional changes.

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The Problem of Moral Agency: Prospects of the Sociological Approach in the Context of the “Moral Dyad” Theory

Naryan

Bykov

2022

Sociological Journal

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In the context of developing a new sociology of morality, the article examines such phenomena as moral agency and moral patiency, understood as an actor’s attributed ability to be seen as a subject or object of morally relevant actions. The authors analyze the concept of the “moral dyad” as the most popular general approach that addresses various aspects of attributing moral agency and patiency through mind ascription. We also examine the four key principles of the moral dyad concept: causing harm as a prerequisite for the moral relevance of the action, the inseparable link between mind ascription and moral agency/patiency, the phenomenon of moral typecasting, and the principle of the moral scheme’s completion being a necessity. Based on the criticisms of these basic principles, we consider the prospects for further research in the field of studying these moral qualities of actors of various types. For this purpose, we identify and discuss three key problems of the concept of the “moral dyad”, which, as we argue, should be addressed from a sociological perspective: explaining the moral status of actors in the case of pro-social actions, as well as the moral status of collective (groups, corporations, states, institutions) and non-human (robots, computer algorithms) actors. In conclusion we suggest that focusing on these problems in the context of actual social interactions can become one of the key research areas within the framework of the new sociology of morality.

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Causality and Blame Judgments of Negative Side Effects of Actions May Differ for Different Institutional Domains

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Measuring Respondents’ Cognitive Load Related to Making Factual and Normative Judgments

Measuring Respondents’ Cognitive Load Related to Making Factual and Normative Judgments

“That’s the Price You Pay”: Muscovites’ Understandings of Ecological Health Risks (in the Context of the Oncological Threat)

The Problem of Moral Agency: Prospects of the Sociological Approach in the Context of the “Moral Dyad” Theory

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