Cause of Anæmia in Malaria

Woodruff, A. W.; Ansdell, Vernon; Pettitt, L.E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92952-0

Cited by 107 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This observation suggests that erythropoietic activity is decreased during episodes of acute clinical malaria, supporting a role for erythropoietic depression in the pathogenesis of malarial anemia. [14][15][16][17] This observation is consistent with studies that indicate that this may result either from acute erythropoietin deficiency 18 or from the reversible suppression of the bone marrow response to erythropoeitin. 19,20 However, our findings do not agree with results from the only other study that has investigated sTfR levels in subjects with malaria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Reduced soluble transferrin receptor concentrations in acute malaria in Vanuatu.

Williams

Maitland²,

Rees³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration is a sensitive index of iron deficiency when used in conjunction with ferritin measurements in adults. One advantage of this assay is that unlike ferritin it does not appear to be affected by a range of infectious and inflammatory conditions or by pregnancy, rendering it a promising adjunct to the diagnosis of iron deficiency in tropical populations. We have measured plasma sTfR concentrations in a group of malaria patients (n ϭ 21) and asymptomatic (18) and aparasitemic (76) controls in Vanuatu. Plasma sTfR concentration was significantly reduced in individuals with acute malaria (P ϭ 0.003). While this observation provides evidence that erythropoeitic suppression may be an important etiologic component in malarial anemia, it also suggests that malaria may be a confounding factor when interpreting sTfR concentrations in such populations. The role of sTfR in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in tropical populations remains to be established.The diagnosis of iron deficiency can be difficult in tropical communities. Routine tests can be unreliable; for example, microcytosis is a poor indicator in populations where hemoglobinopathies are common 1,2 and acute malaria can result in both anemia 3 and elevated serum ferritin concentrations. 4,5 The transmembrane iron transport protein transferrin receptor (CD71) is a dimeric protein consisting of two identical 95-kD subunits. During red blood cell maturation, membrane transferrin receptor is degraded by endosomal digestion and an 85-kD fragment, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), is released into the circulation. 6 Plasma levels can be measured using a sensitive ELISA method. It has been estimated that 80% of circulating sTfR originates from developing red blood cells. The STfR concentration is pathologically increased in the presence of tissue iron deficiency, 7,8 and has been shown to be a sensitive index of this condition when interpreted in conjunction with ferritin measurements in adults. 7,8 Unlike ferritin, sTfR is not affected by a range of infections, inflammatory conditions or by pregnancy 9,10 and might thus be a useful tool in the assessment of iron status in tropical populations. We have investigated this possibility by measuring both sTfR and ferritin concentrations in malaria patients and control subjects living in Vanuatu.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Reduced soluble transferrin receptor concentrations in acute malaria in Vanuatu.

Williams

Maitland²,

Rees³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Em humanos, hemólise imune é vista com certa frequencia durante quadros de malária (Woodruff et al 1979) e após algumas outras infecções, mas, diferentemente de animais, ocorre basicamente como doença das aglutininas frias. Essas infecções incluem principalmente pneumonia por Mycoplasma pneumoniae, mas também mononucleose infecciosa, parotidite infecciosa (caxumba), listeriose, sí-filis e rubéola (Foerster 1998).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Patogênese e achados clínicos, hematológicos e anatomopatológicos da infecção por Rangelia vitalii em 35 cães (1985-2009)

et al. 2010

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The pathogenesis, clinical, hematological and pathological features of the natural infection by the protozoan organism Rangelia vitalii (canine rangeliosis) was studied in 35 dogs that died due this condition. The results allow for the following set of conclusions on canine rangeliosis: (1) causes an exclusively extravascular immune mediated hemolysis; (2) is invariably associated with some degree of hemorrhage observed at necropsy, but no always clinically apparent; (3) the clinical signs that are the hallmark of the disease are anemia, icterus and splenomegaly; (4) the main hematological aspect that establishes a clinical suspect is the development of anemia with signs of intense erythroid regeneration; (5) the three main differential diagnosis are leptospirosis, babesiosis and e acute monocytotropic ehrlichiosis; (6) the main observed histopathological lesion is an association of lymphoid hyperplasia with mononuclear inflammatory reaction, predominantly plasmacytic, but occasionally granulomatous; (7) other frequently found lesions are secondary to a marked regenerative anemia; (8) large numbers of the etiologic agent can be easily demonstrate in most tissues, mainly in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, heart, and tonsils. MATERIAL E MÉTODOSOs casos incluídos neste trabalho ocorreram entre 1985 e 2009 em municípios da Mesorregião do Centro Ocidental RioGrandense. Foram considerados apenas casos espontâneos e fatais da doença (n=35). Dados sobre 11 desses casos foram previamente publicados (Krauspenhar et al. 2003a).Os dados clínicos foram fornecidos pelos veterinários responsáveis por cada caso quando da requisição da necropsia. Hemogramas foram realizados em 26 desses 35 cães. Dos 26 cães com hemograma, 18 tiveram seus esfregaços sanguíneos reavaliados por um dos autores (R.A.F.). Nesses 18 casos, os esfregaços sanguíneos foram confeccionados com sangue coletado 1-3 dias antes da morte do cão e corados por panótico rápido para avaliação da morfologia das células sanguíneas.Vários fragmentos de órgãos foram colhidos à necropsia, fixados em formol a 10%, processados rotineiramente para histologia e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE). O encé-falo foi fixado inteiro e fragmentos foram processados da mesma maneira para histologia. O método de inclusão dos casos neste estudo foi a presença de zoítos no interior de vacúolos parasitóforos em células endoteliais de capilares de diferentes órgãos observados na microscopia de luz em secções coradas com HE. Não foram incluídos casos com diagnóstico clínico-hematológico e com achados patológicos característi-cos da doença, mas que, por terem sido previamente tratados com drogas antiprotozoários, não mais permitiam a visualização dos zoítos como descrito anteriomente. RESULTADOS Sinais clínicosDe modo geral, os cães aqui descritos (n=35) demonstraram uma doença aguda caracterizada invariavelmente por apatia, anorexia/inapetência e icterícia, com evolução clínica de três a 10 dias (média de 5-6 dias

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“…The detection of IgM antibody (Rosenberg et al, 1973;Lustig, Nussenzweig and Nussenzweig, 1977) and complement components (Woodruff et al, 1979) on the surface of uninfected erythrocytes during some malaria infections has suggested that the long postulated autoimmune basis for excessive anaemia in such malaria infections (Zuckerman, 1964;1966) may be correct. The target antigen for this autoimmune response has not been identified.…”

Section: Table I Clearance Of Radioactivity From the Bloodstream Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

ACCELERATED CLEARANCE OF UNINFECTED RED CELLS FROM PLASMODIUM BERGHEI‐INFECTED MOUSE BLOOD IN NORMAL MICE

Howard¹,

Mitchell²

1979

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Cause of Anæmia in Malaria

Cited by 107 publications

References 5 publications

Reduced soluble transferrin receptor concentrations in acute malaria in Vanuatu.

Reduced soluble transferrin receptor concentrations in acute malaria in Vanuatu.

Patogênese e achados clínicos, hematológicos e anatomopatológicos da infecção por Rangelia vitalii em 35 cães (1985-2009)

ACCELERATED CLEARANCE OF UNINFECTED RED CELLS FROM PLASMODIUM BERGHEI‐INFECTED MOUSE BLOOD IN NORMAL MICE

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