Cause of death among patients with colorectal cancer: a population-based study in the United States

Chen, Jiayuan; Zheng, Yongqiang; Wang, Haihong; Zhang, Dejun; Zhao, Lei; Yu, Dandan; Lin, Zhenyu; Zhang, Tao

doi:10.18632/aging.104022

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We have demonstrated that non-cancer comorbidities may be the dominant cause of death in thyroid cancer patients, as has been previously reported for other cancers. More and more research has emphasized the importance of non-cancer comorbidities in the healthcare of patients with cancer ( 7 , 8 , 31 , 32 ). In certain types of malignancy, including breast malignancy ( 31 ), colorectal malignancy ( 8 ), and prostate malignancy ( 32 ), non-cancer comorbidities have become the dominant cause of death in recent decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More and more research has emphasized the importance of non-cancer comorbidities in the healthcare of patients with cancer ( 7 , 8 , 31 , 32 ). In certain types of malignancy, including breast malignancy ( 31 ), colorectal malignancy ( 8 ), and prostate malignancy ( 32 ), non-cancer comorbidities have become the dominant cause of death in recent decades. This research adds to this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high early detection rate and generally favorable prognosis for this disease contribute to the increasing prevalence of long-term thyroid cancer survivors. This emphasized the importance of uncovering the detailed causes of death in these long-term malignancy patients, as a cancer history will meaningfully alter the distribution of causes of death among these individuals and will inform interventions with respect to mitigating mortality risk and promoting survivorship and quality of life ( 7 , 8 , 31 , 32 ). Our work, as well as that of prior studies, shows that cancer and its treatments may increase the short- and long-term risks of non-cancer death ( 7 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associated 95% CIs were calculated using a Poisson distribution ( 25 , 28 ). SMRs were not available for cancer-associated deaths, since SMRs are calculated based on an assumption that regards the general population as a cancer-free cohort ( 8 ). Based on this assumption, the cancer-free general population will not die from cancer; thus, the cancer-associated mortality in this population could not be estimated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important change brought about by the rising population of cancer survivors is the increasing prevalence of deaths from causes other than the index carcinoma, including subsequent second or multiple primary cancers ( 6 ) and non-cancer comorbidities ( 7 , 8 ). Some non-cancer comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases ( 9 , 10 ), infectious diseases ( 11 ), accidents ( 12 ), peptic ulcers ( 13 ), as well as suicides ( 14 ), have been reported as major threats to cancer patients’ health, survivorship, and quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cause of Death Among Patients With Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundOver the last decades, the number of patients diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma has been increasing, highlighting the importance of comprehensively evaluating causes of death among these patients. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the risk of death and causes of death in patients with thyroid carcinoma.MethodsA total of 183,641 patients diagnosed with an index thyroid tumor were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database (1975–2016). Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) for non-cancer deaths were calculated to evaluate mortality risk and to compare mortality risks with the cancer-free US population. Cumulative mortality rates were calculated to explore the factors associated with higher risk of deaths.ResultsThere were 22,386 deaths recorded during follow-up, of which only 31.0% were due to thyroid cancer and 46.4% due to non-cancer causes. Non-cancer mortality risk among patients with thyroid cancer was nearly 1.6-fold (SMR=1.59) that of the general population. Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of non-cancer deaths, accounting for 21.3% of all deaths in thyroid cancer patients. Non-cancer causes were the dominant cause of death in thyroid cancer survivors as of the third year post-diagnosis. We found that males with thyroid cancer had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with females. The risk of suicide was highest in the first post-diagnostic year (<1 year: SMR=1.51). The long-term risk of Alzheimer’s disease was notably increased in thyroid cancer patients (>5 years: SMR=8.27).ConclusionNon-cancer comorbidities have become the major risks of death in patients with thyroid tumor in the US, as opposed to death from the tumor itself. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of these risk trends in order to conduct timely intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cause of Death Among Patients With Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2022

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Cardiovascular mortality in people with cancer compared to the general population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ng,

Meng,

Marin

et al. 2024

Cancer Medicine

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BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of non‐cancer death in cancer survivors, but the risk of CVD varies between cancers.ObjectivesTo synthesise available evidence on patterns and magnitude of CVD mortality risk.MethodsA systematic search of Medline (OVID), CINAHL and Scopus databases from 01‐January‐2000 to 16‐July‐2023 of studies of people with cancer, reporting CVD mortality in cancer population compared with a reference population (e.g. general population) as standardised mortality ratios (SMR). Meta‐analysis of SMRs across cancer and CVD types were pooled using a random‐effects model to allow for heterogeneity of the true effect size across studies.ResultsWe identified 136 studies from 16 countries. Sample sizes ranged from 157 to 7,529,481. The majority (n = 98; 72%) were conducted in the United States, followed by Europe (n = 22; 16%). The most common cancers studied were gastrointestinal (n = 34 studies), haematological (n = 31) and breast (n = 29). A total of 876 CVD SMRs were extracted across diverse CVD conditions. Of those, the majority (535; 61%) indicated an increased risk of CVD death (SMR >1), 109 (12%) a lower risk of CVD death (SMR <1) and 232 (27%) an equivalent risk (95% CI of SMR included 1) compared to the general population. The meta‐analysis of all reported SMRs showed an increased risk of CVD death (SMR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.40–1.72) in cancer survivors compared with the general population. The SMR varied between CVD conditions and ranged from 1.36 (95% CI = 1.29–1.44) for heart diseases to 1.56 (95% CI = 1.39–1.76) for cerebrovascular diseases. SMR varied across cancer types, ranging from 1.14 (95% CI = 1.04–1.25) for testicular/germ cell tumours to 2.82 (95% CI = 2.20–3.63) for brain/central nervous system tumours.ConclusionsCancer survivors are at increased risk of premature CVD mortality compared to the general population, but the risk varies by cancer type and CVD. Future research should focus on understanding mechanisms behind the increased CVD risk to develop appropriate interventions.

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Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and all‐cause mortality

Oyelere,

Kok,

Bos

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is not clear whether coffee consumption is related to CRC progression. Hence, we assessed the association of coffee consumption with CRC recurrence and all‐cause mortality using data from a prospective cohort study of 1719 stage I–III CRC patients in the Netherlands. Coffee consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were self‐reported using questionnaires at the time of diagnosis. We retrieved recurrence and all‐cause mortality data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Personal Records Database, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models with and without restricted cubic splines were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, cancer stage and tumor location. We observed 257 recurrences during a 6.2‐year median follow‐up and 309 deaths during a 6.6‐year median follow‐up. Consuming more than 4 cups/d of coffee compared to an intake of <2 cups/d was associated with a 32% lower risk of CRC recurrence (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94,). The association between coffee consumption and all‐cause mortality was U‐shaped; coffee intake seemed optimal at 3–5 cups/d with the lowest risk at 4 cups/d (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.88). Our results suggest that coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of CRC recurrence and all‐cause mortality. The association between coffee consumption and all‐cause mortality appeared nonlinear. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which coffee consumption might improve CRC prognosis.

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Cause of death among patients with colorectal cancer: a population-based study in the United States

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Cause of Death Among Patients With Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Cause of Death Among Patients With Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Cardiovascular mortality in people with cancer compared to the general population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and all‐cause mortality

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