Cause or consequence? The role of IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Cytokines and receptors of the IL-1 family are key mediators in innate immune and inflammatory reactions in physiological defensive conditions, but are also significantly involved in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Here, we will address the role of cytokines of the IL-1 superfamily and their receptors in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Notably, several members of the IL-1 family are present in the brain as tissue-specific splice variants. Attention will be devoted to understanding whether these molecules are involved in the disease onset or are effectors of the downstream degenerative events. We will focus on the balance between the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and inhibitory cytokines and receptors, in view of future therapeutic approaches.

Mode of administration influences plasma levels of active Centella asiatica compounds in 5xFAD mice while markers of neuroinflammation remain unaltered

“…Data for C3AR1’s role in AD is limited, but a study in PS19 mice found that inactivation of C3AR1 was associated with decreased neuroinflammation and tau pathology ( Litvinchuk et al, 2018 ). IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives neuroinflammation in AD but also has a protective effect on the CNS depending on the context ( Boraschi et al, 2023 ). These findings could be relevant to CAW’s underlying mechanisms but were specific to one sex and one mode of administration in each case, making it difficult to draw any strong conclusions.…”