Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Bahk, Jinwook; Jung-Choi, Kyunghee

doi:10.4178/epih.e2022110

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mortality due to accidents had an excess of nearly 4%, which was not statistically significant. Consistent with the findings of the present study, The mortality due to accidents increased insignificantly in Norway and Minnesota and decreased by nearly 2% in South Korea ( 1 , 12 , 20 ). Even before and during COVID-19, accidents were the most important cause of death in the 5–44 age group, which shows that COVID-19 has not been able to cause a significant impact on this age group and to reduce the death of young people, the number of accidents should still be reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Excess deaths due to Neoplasms were reported in Latvia within 3 weeks of their study and had a significant positive excess of death, but the total excess mortality from malignant neoplasms was not significant ( 4 ). On the other hand, mortality due to Neoplasms has significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea (3%), São Paulo (1.5%), and Minnesota (2%), and did not significantly change in Norway ( 1 , 11 , 12 , 20 ). Excess deaths due to Neoplasms in South Khorasan during the COVID-19 pandemic are partly due to the population aging and the health transition ( 23 ) as well as the reduced screening and delayed cancer treatments due to limited health care sources available for cancer treatment during the COVID-19 ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Before COVID-19, Cardiovascular diseases were the most important causes of death, after COVID-19 there was a significant increase (10.6%) and they were still at first in South Khorasan Province. In Latvia mortality due to this cause had excess too (4%), while death due to these diseases has significantly reduced in Norway (−19.7%) and São Paulo (−7%), and not significantly changed in Minnesota and South Korea ( 1 , 4 , 11 , 12 , 20 ). The highest increase in mortality at home was related to Cardiovascular disease which is related to the non-referral of Cardiovascular disease patients to the hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies reported a significant increase in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia and a decline in mortality due to road traffic accidents and suicide. Also, COVID-19 has negatively affected the outcome of low-energy trauma in older adults, e.g., the 30-day mortality has increased in patients admitted with hip fractures during the pandemic in the UK (1,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Pirayesh,

Riahi,

Bidokhti

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic resulted in excess mortality and changed the trends of causes of death worldwide. In this study, we investigate the all-cause and cause-specific deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) compared to the baseline (2018–2020), considering age groups, gender, place of residence, and place of death in south Khorasan, east of Iran.MethodsThe present ecological study was conducted using South Khorasan Province death certificate data during 2018–2022. The number of death and all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates (per 100,000 people) were calculated and compared based on age groups, place of residence, place of death, and gender before (2018–2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022). We also calculated total and cause-specific years of life lost (YLL) to death and gender-specific life expectancy at birth.ResultsA total of 7,766 deaths occurred from March 21, 2018, to March 20, 2020 (pre-pandemic) and 9,984 deaths from March 21, 2020, to March 20, 2022 (pandemic). The mean age at death increased by about 2 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate was significantly increased in the age groups 20 years and older. The most excess deaths were recorded in men, Aged more than 60 years, death at home, and the rural population. Mortality due to COVID-19 accounted for nearly 17% of deaths. The highest increase in mortality rate was observed due to endocrine and Cardiovascular diseases. Mortality rates due to the genitourinary system and Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period have decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The major causes of death during the pandemic were Cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, accidents, and endocrine diseases in both sexes, in rural and urban areas. Years of life lost (YLL) increased by nearly 15.0%, which was mostly due to COVID-19, life expectancy at birth has steadily declined from 2018 to202 for both genders (from 78.4 to 75).ConclusionIn this study, we found that All-cause mortality increased by 25.5% during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in men, older adult, Rural residents, and those who died at home (outside the hospital). Considering that the most common causes of death during the COVID-19 pandemic are also non-communicable diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to non-communicable diseases even during the pandemic of a serious infectious disease like COVID-19. The years of life lost also increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is necessary to pay attention to all age groups, especially the causes of death in young people. In most developing countries, the first cause of death of these groups is accidents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Pirayesh,

Riahi,

Bidokhti

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Between 2009 and 2021, suicide was the leading cause of death among adolescents in Japan [59,60]. Although suicide rates among adolescents have globally been increasing over time, most studies from other OECD countries have reported that adolescent SMRs decreased or remained unchanged during the pandemic [61][62][63][64][65], whereas in Japan, it has been reported that the SMRs of both males and females under 20 years old increased during the pandemic [39][40][41]66,67]. These reports attributed the increase in adolescent SMRs to major lifestyle changes during the pandemic, particularly pertaining to the impaired ability to engage in recreational and educational opportunities and being forced to spend much of their time at home due to social restriction measures [39][40][41]66,67].…”

Section: Suicides Among Adolescents and The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Fluctuations of Suicide Mortality in Japan from 2009 to 2023 Using Government Databases

Matsumoto,

Motomura,

Okada

2024

EJIHPE

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In Japan, suicide mortalities consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2009 to 2019) but, conversely, increased after the pandemic outbreak from 2020 to 2022. To provide up-to-date suicide statistics in Japan, this study determined the temporal fluctuations of standardized suicide mortalities (SMRs), disaggregated by sex and age, by joinpoint regression analysis using the government suicide database, named the “Basic Data on Suicide in Region”. From January 2009 to December 2023, three temporal fluctuation patterns of SMRs pertaining to working age and older adults were detected, such as attenuations of decreasing trends before the COVID-19 pandemic (from around the mid-2010s), a sharply increasing trend that coincided with the pandemic outbreak, and gradually decreased during the pandemic, but no changes at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the SMRs of working-age females sharply increased concurrently with the pandemic outbreak, whereas those of males did not change. However, before the pandemic, decreasing trends of the SMRs of working-age males diminished in the mid-2010s, but those of females consistently decreased. The SMRs of working-age males indicated non-significant but sharply increasing trends in early 2022, a trend that was not observed for females. In contrast to working-age adults, the SMRs of adolescents already began to increase in the mid-2010s and also indicated consistently increasing trends between the periods during and after the pandemic. These results suggest, contrary to our expectations, that the impacts of both the outbreak and end of the COVID-19 pandemic were limited regarding the increase in SMRs from 2020. Therefore, when revising suicide prevention programs in the post-COVID-19 era, it should be noted that focusing on pandemic-associated factors alone is not sufficient.

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Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic era

Okada,

Matsumoto,

Motomura

2024

PCN Reports

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Statistical analyses from Japan reported increasing suicides in 2020, first in the world, proving the severity of the public health crisis during the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, so far, international suicides have not been shown to be objectively increasing at population level. Followed studies reported the existence of a substantial heterogeneity of suicides among subgroups and time‐lag impacts. Against public health crisis in Japan, policymakers, psychiatrists and public health personnel should prioritize improving suicide prevention programs following evidence‐based policymaking. Understanding how/what factors relate to the COVID‐19 pandemic and what other factors have shaped the increasing suicide numbers since 2020 through objectively well‐controlled/fine‐grained analyses of high‐quality longitudinal/cross‐sectional data at the individual, regional, and national levels is important for identifying the reasons for the recent trend. For this purpose, this study examined suicide statistics, statistical analysis methods, and their interpretations. Recent analyses suggest an increased suicide risk among females <50 years and males <30 years in 2020–2022. Notably, time‐series analyses revealed that adolescent suicides began increasing before the pandemic, while working‐age female suicides sharply increased synchronously with the pandemic outbreak. Causality analyses suggest that social issues facing Japan and recent global psychosocial and socioeconomic transformations are risk factors for suicide in high‐risk groups. Finally, this report demonstrates the importance of providing appropriate support based on an objective understanding of individuals who are at risk for suicide, without being bound by traditional established knowledges.

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Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the all-cause, cause-specific mortality, YLL, and life expectancy in the first 2 years in an Iranian population—an ecological study

Temporal Fluctuations of Suicide Mortality in Japan from 2009 to 2023 Using Government Databases

Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic era

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