Cause-specific mortality patterns among hospital deaths in Tanzania, 2006-2015

Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Rumisha, Susan F.; Lyimo, Emanuel P.; Chiduo, Mercy G.; Mangu, Chacha; Mremi, Irene R.; Kumalija, Claud; Joachim, Catherine; Kishamawe, Coleman; Massawe, Isolide S.; Matemba, Lucas E.; Kimario, Evord; Bwana, Veneranda M.; Mkwashapi, Denna M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205833

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Besides, other similar studies carried out in Umuahia South Eastern Nigeria [22] and Ile-Ife South Western, Nigeria [23] also reported that DCVS were the commonest systemic causes of deaths in the respective tertiary hospital centres. Elsewhere in Tanzania, the recorded mortality due to diseases of the cardiovascular system was 6.31% of the total mortality [24] which is low compared to our findings and other previous Nigerian studies. Our high rate is only comparable to reports in the United States of America, where diseases of the cardiovascular system was reported as the leading cause of death [25].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Cardiovascular System Mortalities in Nigeria; Case Study of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Obiorah¹

2019

WJCD

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Background: Studies have suggested epidemiological transition in the mortality pattern in Nigeria from communicable to non-communicable diseases of which Diseases of the cardiovascular system (DCVS) is prime. DCVS is thus a growing public health concern but its mortality profile is under-studied in Port Harcourt. This study was therefore designed to review the mortality profile of DCVS in Port Harcourt. Methodology: A retrospective case controlled study of deaths ascribed to DCVS at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2017. The composite diseases were grouped using the ICD10 scheme and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Minitab version 16 was used for trend analysis. Results: Of the overall 1902 deaths recorded within the period, 566 (29.8%) were cardiovascular system related. Of these, 301 (53.3%) were males and 265 (46.7%) were females. The elderly of 50 -99 years were most commonly affected (65.5% of the mortalities). Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) accounted for 322 deaths (56.9%); various types of shock caused 116 deaths (20.5%) while congestive cardiac failure (CCF) accounted for 114 deaths (20.1%). Pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, carotid aneurysm, and hypertensive encephalopathy caused 1.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.2% deaths respectively. Peak annual mortality of 143 (25.3%) was recorded in 2013. Although the trend of mortality was undulating, there was an overall increase in annual incidence over the years. Conclusion: DCVS constitute the commonest systemic cause of death in Port Harcourt. Governmental and donor agencies involved in public health policy planning and implementation should scale-up strategies for the prevention and control of DCVS in order to stem the rising tide of associated mortalities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Cardiovascular System Mortalities in Nigeria; Case Study of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Obiorah¹

2019

WJCD

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“…All regions in Tanzania Mainland were included. The procedure for selecting study sites has been described in more details elsewhere [23][24][25]. Briefly, the regions were categorised into three strata based on their proportional contribution to the national population.…”

Section: General Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of the causes of death used in this analysis was based on the following criteria: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria are three diseases that have received extensive international support in terms of resources (https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/); Respiratory diseases (other than tuberculosis) rank as the second largest killer diseases in Tanzania [23]; and, cancer and injury are the most important non-communicable diseases and emerging causes of death [27].…”

Section: General Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Years of potential life lost and productivity costs due to premature mortality from six priority diseases in Tanzania, 2006-2015

Rumisha¹,

George²,

Bwana³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Background Mortality statistics are traditionally used to quantify the burden of disease and to determine the relative importance of the various causes of death. Some of the most frequently used indices to quantify the burden of disease are the years of potential life lost (YPLL) and years of potential productive life lost (YPPLL). These two measures reflect the mortality trends in younger age groups and they provide a more accurate picture of premature mortality. This study was carried out to determine YPLL, YPPLL and cost of productivity lost (CPL) due to premature mortality caused by selected causes of deaths in Tanzania. Methods and findings Malaria, respiratory diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, cancers and injuries were selected for this analysis. The number of deaths by sex and age groups were obtained from hospital death registers and ICD-10 reporting forms in 39 public hospitals in Tanzania, covering a period of 2006-2015. The life expectancy method and human capital approach were used to estimate the YPLL, YPPLL and CPL due to premature mortality. During 2006-2015, malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, HIV+tuberculosis, cancer and injury were responsible for a total of 96,834 hospital deaths, of which 46.4% (n = 57,508) were among individuals in the productive age groups (15-64 years). The reported deaths contributed to 2,850,928 YPLL (female = 1,326,724; male = 1,524,205) with an average of 29 years per death. The average YPLL among females (32) was higher than among males (28). Malaria (YPLL = 38 per death) accounted for over one-third (35%) of the total YPLL. There was a significant increase in YPLL due to the selected underlying causes of death over the 10-year period. Deaths from the selected causes resulted into 1,207,499 YPPLL (average = 21 per death). Overall, HIV/AIDS contributed to the highest YPPLL (323,704), followed by malaria (243,490) and injuries (196,505). While there was a general decrease in YPPLL due to malaria, there was an increase of YPPLL due to HIV/AIDS, respiratory diseases, cancer and injuries during the 10-year period. The total CPL due to the six diseases was US$ 148,430,009 for 10 years. The overall CPL was higher among males than females

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“…Variables collected were deceased's age, sex, cause and date of death. Details in data extraction have been described elsewhere [43].…”

Section: Study Design and Source Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and trends of hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania: a 10- year retrospective analysis

Mboera¹,

Kishamawe²,

Rumisha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of non-communicable disease mortality in hospitals of Tanzania from 2006-2015.Methods: This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals in Tanzania. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. Variables collected were deceased’s age, sex, cause and date of death. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. Results: A total of 247,976 deaths were reported during the 10 years (2006–2015) in 39 hospitals. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and injuries. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of deaths due to NCDs. The majority (57.6%) of deaths due to NCD occurred among males. Overall, the total deaths from NCDs increased by 153.3% from 4,298 in 2006 to 10,886 in 2015. The age group 15-59 years (53.4%) was the most affected category. The overall 10-year annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 235.2 per 100,0000 population. It was higher for males (287.2/100,000) than for females (186.7/100,000). The annual ASMR increased from 11.9 in 2006 to 36.5 per 100,000 populations in 2015. Most of the NCD deaths occurred in the secondary (40.0%) and primary level hospitals (27.8%). There were variations in the type of non-communicable diseases by geographical distributions. Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths due to NCD and injuries affected the productive young adult group and males. The burden caused by NCD in the most productive ages means that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania must invest in early detection and timely treatment of NCDs to reduce premature deaths.

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Cause-specific mortality patterns among hospital deaths in Tanzania, 2006-2015

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Cardiovascular System Mortalities in Nigeria; Case Study of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Cardiovascular System Mortalities in Nigeria; Case Study of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Years of potential life lost and productivity costs due to premature mortality from six priority diseases in Tanzania, 2006-2015

Patterns and trends of hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania: a 10- year retrospective analysis

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