Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality – An Overview

Polacko, Matthew

doi:10.1515/spp-2021-0017

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Income inequality is one of the greatest challenges facing the world's advanced economies today (Polacko, 2021). It has been cited as the “primary issue in terms of economic and social sustainability” (Lee, 2009, p. 4).…”

Section: Income Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel trends challenging tourism

Whalen,

Bowen

2023

WHATT

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PurposeFour novel trends: water scarcity, income inequality, labor shortage and gentrification, are receiving ever greater attention because of the devastating effects they having on the well-being of humanity. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe each trend, discuss its effect on tourism and offer support from research as to how tourism can mitigate the effects of these trends.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on a literature review to identify comparatively new events, patterns and trends that are likely to impede the development of tourism in the coming years.FindingsThis study documents the negative implications these trends could have for the future of tourism if they are not well managed. Guidance on how destination managers and travel industry managers can mitigate each of these trends is provided.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the damage to humanity these trends have created and the potential future damage they will create, there is a call to researchers to both develop and document ways to mitigate the negative effects of these trends.Practical implicationsSuggested actions on how managers can reduce or eliminate the negative impacts of these trends are provided.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to link these novel trends to the implications they have for tourism.

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Section: Income Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel trends challenging tourism

Whalen,

Bowen

2023

WHATT

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“…Inequality in the distribution of income has been present in the U.S. since early in the 20 th century when it was reported that approximately 15%-18% of the nation"s income went to the richest top 1 percent (see King, 1915;Piketty and Saez, 2003). Rising inequality in the distribution of income, which the U.S. has witnessed since the late 1970s (Hoffmann et al 2020;Clemens, 2022), tends to have an adverse impact on economic development and other economic and social outcomes (Galor and Zeira, 1993;Neckerman and Torche, 2007;Stiglitz, 2012 and2015;and Corak, 2013;Polacko, 2021). Several studies have concluded that a significant effect from a rise in income inequality is through a downward pressure on demand growth (Bivens, 2017;Bivens, and Banerjee, 2022).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Income among U.S. Self-Employed Farm Households: A Close Look Before and During COVID-19’s Recession

El‐Osta¹

2023

AEF

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This paper examines the distribution of ‘money’ income of self-employed farm households in the U.S. using multiple inequality measures and multi-year data from Current Population Survey. Special emphasis is given to 2016 and 2020, which portray total household income before and during the onset of the Covid-19’s recession. The two selected years, respectively, characterize low and high farm income years, with their likely divergent impact on the well-being of self-employed farm households. Using the Gini index measure of inequality, findings show that money income was just as unequally distributed in 2020, the year of the Covid-19’s recession, as in 2016. Adopted decomposition method of the Gini index showed income from off-farm wages and/or salaries, in comparison to the other components of total income, with the strongest equalizing marginal impact on the overall distribution of money income. Considering that off-farm income from wages and/or salaries is the dominant income source of self-employed farm households, macroeconomic factors are likely to continue to influence the distribution of income among self-employed farm households. Key words: Covid-19’s recession, Current Population Survey, income inequality, inequality decomposition.JEL Classification: D31, D63, G51, I24, J43

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“…One study found lack of employment to be one of the primary sources of anomie among males in the United States and cited the association between one's work and their contribution to society to be a possible explanation [40]. A recent study concluded that increased income inequality had health and social consequences including chronic stress, depression, and shame and that these occurred mostly in low-income individuals [41]. Previous studies have also found that social isolation results from a lack of opportunity, lack of resources, and high levels of inequality, all of which act as barriers to social integration [9,28,41].…”

Section: Sociologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study concluded that increased income inequality had health and social consequences including chronic stress, depression, and shame and that these occurred mostly in low-income individuals [41]. Previous studies have also found that social isolation results from a lack of opportunity, lack of resources, and high levels of inequality, all of which act as barriers to social integration [9,28,41]. In summary, through employment, providing for oneself and one's family, and upward social mobility, one is adhering to the socially constructed goal of self-reliance, and is integrated into their society.…”

Section: Sociologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Suicide in Counties: Creating a Quantitative Measure of Suicide Risk

Mobley

Taasoobshirazi

2022

IJERPH

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Rising rates of suicide over the past two decades have increased the need for wide-ranging suicide prevention efforts. One approach is to target high-risk groups, which requires the identification of the characteristics of these population sub-groups. This suicidology study was conducted using large-scale, secondary data to answer the question: using the research on suicide, are there variables studied at the community level that are linked to suicide and are measurable using quantitative, demographic data that are already collected and updated? Data on deaths from suicide in U.S. counties for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were analyzed using multiple regression, longitudinal regression, and cluster analysis. Results indicated that the suicide rate in a county can be predicted by measuring the financial stability of the residents, the quality of mental health in the county, and the economic opportunity in the county. The results are further analyzed using two sociological theories, Social Strain Theory and the Theory of Anomie, and two psychological theories, the Shame Model and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.

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Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality – An Overview

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Novel trends challenging tourism

Novel trends challenging tourism

The Distribution of Income among U.S. Self-Employed Farm Households: A Close Look Before and During COVID-19’s Recession

Predicting Suicide in Counties: Creating a Quantitative Measure of Suicide Risk

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