Causes and Mechanisms of Cerebellar Infarction in Young Patients

Barinagarrementería, Fernando; Amaya, Luis Enrique; Cantú, Carlos

doi:10.1161/01.str.28.12.2400

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Neurological impairments were the most prevalent types of evolution in our study, which in this agrees with other studies 8,14,22,25 . Epilepsy, however, had a high prevalence when compared to the studies of Moura-Ribeiro et al where the rate was 9.5% for children with cerebrovascular disease in general, which could suggest that AIS causes more epileptic alterations than haemorragic 25 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Epilepsy, however, had a high prevalence when compared to the studies of Moura-Ribeiro et al where the rate was 9.5% for children with cerebrovascular disease in general, which could suggest that AIS causes more epileptic alterations than haemorragic 25 . Almost half the studied population presented more than one probably risk factor for AIS and there is an association between these alterations and the number of after-effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…AIS in children occurs predominately in the anterior circulation and the middle cerebral artery is the vessel most affected 8,9,14,18,[22][23][24] as is confirmed in this study. Cerebral AIS occurred in an adolescent who had osteosarcoma and patent foramen ovale; prior studies showed predominance of the male sex and the presence of patent oval forame in the cases of cerebellar strokes 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ischemic stroke in children: a study of the associated alterations

Ranzan

Rotta

2004

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children is a relatively rare disease, not yet clearly understood and with a multifactored etiology. It can cause a severe impact on the child and be the first manifestation of a systemic disease. Delayed diagnosis is still common and research on the subject in our field practically does not exist. Prothrombotic disorders have been described as important causative factors of the ischemic event in children. Forty-six patients from zero to 18 years of age diagnosed with AIS were studied in the period between March 2002 and September 2003. Laboratory tests were realised including coagulation proteins and echocardiogram. AIS of the newborn occurred in 37% of the cases. Focal seizures and hemiparesis were the most frequent symptoms; 40% of the patients presented prior pathologies. Abnormalities of the S and C proteins occurred in 22% and 17%. Associated alterations, particularly those that generate a hypercoagulability state, indicate more than one risk factor for this disease in childhood.KEY WORDS: cerebrovascular disease, coagulation disorders, children. Acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico na infância: estudo das alterações associadasRESUMO -Acidente vascular cerebral Isquêmico (AVCI) na infância é relativamente raro, de conhecimento ainda obscuro, e com etiologia multifatorial. Pode causar grave impacto na criança e ser a primeira manifestação de doença sistêmica. O subdiagnóstico ainda é comum e são praticamente inexistentes as pesquisas sobre o assunto no nosso meio. Desordens protrombóticas têm sido descritas como importantes fatores causais do evento isquêmico na infância. Foram estudados 46 pacientes de zero a 18 anos, com diagnósti-co de AVCI, no período de março/2002 a setembro/2003. Exames laboratoriais, incluindo proteínas de coagulação e ecocardiograma foram realizados. AVCI neonatal ocorreu em 35% dos casos. Crise focal e hemiparesia foram os sintomas iniciais mais freqüentes; 40% dos casos apresentaram patologia prévia. Anormalidades nas proteínas S e C ocorreram em 22% e 17% da amostra. Alterações associadas, principalmente as que geram um estado hipercoagulável, indicam que mais de um fator de risco pode causar essa doença na infância. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: doença cerebrovascular,desordens da coagulação, infância.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ischemic stroke in children: a study of the associated alterations

Ranzan

Rotta

2004

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) Many studies have highlighted that trauma needs to considered as causative factor for cerebellar infarction particularly in young patients. (2,(4)(5)(6)(7) We present a case of cerebellar infarction in a young patient secondary to vertebral fracture involving the vertebral foramen and vertebral artery injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic cerebellar infarction due to vertebral artery foramina fracture: case report

Moscote-Salazar¹,

Rubiano²,

Calderón-Miranda³

et al. 2016

Romanian Neurosurgery

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Posttraumatic cerebral infarction is an uncommon cause of morbidity and mortality and many studies have highlighted that trauma needs to considered as causative factor for cerebellar infarction. We present a case of cerebellar infarction in a 35 year old young patient secondary to vertebral fracture involving the vertebral foramen and vertebral artery injury. CT scan cervical spine showed C2-3 fracture on left side with fracture extending into the left vertebral foramen. A CT scan angiogram could not be performed because of poor neurological status. Possibly the infarction was due to left vertebral artery injury. Without surgical intervention prognosis of these patients remain poor. Prognosis of patients with traumatic cerebellar infarction depends on the neurological status of the patient, intrinsic parenchymal damage and more importantly extrinsic compression of the brainstem by the edematous cerebellar hemispheres.

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“…1 Nevertheless, it is an important cause of stroke: 13% to 15.5% of strokes in adults Ͻ45 years 2,3 and 30% to 40% of brain stem and cerebellar infarctions in this population occur on account of sCAD. 4,5 Pathophysiologically, rupture of either the arterial intimal layer or the medial/adventitial layer, including vasa vasorum, causes an intramural arterial hematoma often leading to stenosis with a high risk of embolic brain infarction. 6,7 Association of sCAD with heritable connective tissue diseases, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV and Marfan syndrome, 8,9 and ultrastructural connective tissue abnormalities in skin biopsies of sCAD patients 6,10 suggest an important etiologic role of connective tissue aberrations in sCAD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease Inhibitors in Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissections

Konrad

Langer²,

Müller³

et al. 2005

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Observations in patients with arterial aneurysms, fibromuscular dysplasia, and spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) indicate that protease inhibitor deficiency might boost the enzymatic destruction of arterial tissue and increase the risk of these arterial wall diseases. Here we present the first large investigation of the protease inhibitor hypothesis in patients with sCAD. Methods-Eighty patients with sCAD were compared with 80 age-and sex-matched healthy individuals. ␣ 1 -antitrypsin (␣ 1 -AT) and ␣ 2 -macroglobulin (␣ 2 -MG) levels, and ␣ 1 -AT genotypes were assessed and compared between groups. Results-␣ 1 -AT and ␣ 2 -MG levels as well as ␣ 1 -AT genotypes did not differ significantly between patients and controls.The frequency of Z alleles in the patient group was higher than in the control group and than in other cohorts from Europe; however, the difference remained nonsignificant. All patients with Z alleles had internal carotid artery dissections. Conclusions-Overall, this data does not support the hypothesis that protease inhibitor levels or ␣ 1 -AT genotypes play an important role in the etiology of sCAD. The present data does not exclude that the Pi-Z allele might have an influence on subgroups of sCAD, such as internal carotid artery dissections. (Stroke. 2005;36:9-13.)

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Causes and Mechanisms of Cerebellar Infarction in Young Patients

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Ischemic stroke in children: a study of the associated alterations

Ischemic stroke in children: a study of the associated alterations

Post-traumatic cerebellar infarction due to vertebral artery foramina fracture: case report

Protease Inhibitors in Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissections

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