Causes and Timing of Death in Extremely Premature Infants From 2000 Through 2011

Patel, Ravi; Kandefer, Sarah; Walsh, Michele C.; Bell, Edward F.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Laptook, A.R.; Sánchez, Pablo J.; Shankaran, Seetha; Meurs, Krisa P. Van; Ball, Michelle; Newman, Nancy S.; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary; Stoll, Barbara J.

doi:10.1097/01.aoa.0000472734.42973.28

Cited by 110 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…Much of the research that has been conducted relative to the preterm infant intestinal microbiome has reported on case‐control studies describing differences in the community structure of the microbiome under conditions of a disease state during the neonatal period. Inflammatory bowel disease, specifically necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), disproportionally contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality (Neu and Walker, ; Patel et al, ). NEC has been the focus of multiple case‐control studies (Wang et al, ; Mai et al, ; Claud et al, ; Morrow et al, ; Torrazza et al, ), because early intestinal colonization with pathogenic bacteria has long been thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of NEC (Neu and Walker, ).…”

Section: Part IImentioning

confidence: 99%

The very low birth weight infant microbiome and childhood health

Groër

Gregory

Louis‐Jacques

et al. 2015

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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This review describes current understandings about the nature of the very low birth weight infant (VLBW) gut microbiome. VLBW infants often experience disruptive pregnancies and births, and prenatal factors can influence the maturity of the gut and immune system, and disturb microbial balance and succession. Many VLBWs experience rapid vaginal or Caesarean births. After birth these infants often have delays in enteral feeding, and many receive little or no mother's own milk. Furthermore the stressors of neonatal life in the hospital environment, common use of antibiotics, invasive procedures and maternal separation can contribute to dysbiosis. These infants experience gastrointestinal dysfunction, sepsis, transfusions, necrotizing enterocolitis, oxygen toxicity, and other pathophysiological conditions that affect the normal microbiota. The skin is susceptible to dysbiosis, due to its fragility and contact with NICU organisms. Dysbiosis in early life may resolve but little is known about the timing of the development of the signature gut microbiome in VLBWs. Dysbiosis has been associated with a number of physical and behavioral problems, including autism spectrum disorders, allergy and asthma, gastrointestinal disease, obesity, depression, and anxiety. Dysbiosis may be prevented or ameliorated in part by prenatal care, breast milk feeding, skin to skin contact, use of antibiotics only when necessary, and vigilance during infancy and early childhood.

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Section: Part IImentioning

confidence: 99%

The very low birth weight infant microbiome and childhood health

Groër

Gregory

Louis‐Jacques

et al. 2015

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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“…Preterm birth (PTB) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, about 15 million babies are born too early every year, resulting in 1.1 million deaths as well as short‐ and long‐term disabilities in countless numbers of survivors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerclage for sonographic short cervix in singleton gestations without prior spontaneous preterm birth: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials using individual patient‐level data

Berghella

Ciardulli

Rust

et al. 2017

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

142

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In singleton gestations without prior spontaneous PTB but with TVS-CL < 25 mm in the second trimester, cerclage does not seem to prevent preterm delivery or improve neonatal outcome. However, in these pregnancies, cerclage seems to be efficacious at lower CLs, such as < 10 mm, and when tocolytics or antibiotics are used as additional therapy, requiring further studies in these subgroups. Given the low quality of evidence, further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm the findings of this study. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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“…Preterm babies are now surviving in greater numbers and for longer. For example, a review of 22 248 live births between 22 + 0 and 28 + 6 weeks of gestation in the United States between 2000 and 2011 showed that the number of deaths per 1000 live births fell from 275 between 2000 and 2003 to 258 between 2008 and 2011 and that only 17.3% of infants died after 28 days of age .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%