Causes of Death among Persons with AIDS in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: New York City

Sackoff, Judith; Hanna, David B.; Pfeiffer, Melissa R.; Torian, Lucia V.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00003

Cited by 398 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results agree with findings by other authors showing an increase in deaths from cardiovascular diseases in persons with HIV/AIDS since the introduction of HAART 13,16,17 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Compared to 1999, the number of deaths listing non-AIDSrelated causes increased more in the group that listed HIV/AIDS on the death certificate when compared to the group not listing HIV/AIDS. Other authors have reported similar results for some time in developed countries 11,12,13,14,15 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The trends in mortality curves from non-AIDS-related malignant neoplasms also differ between the two groups; as demonstrated 13,16 , the increase is greater in the HIV group. Although the incidence of AIDS-related neoplasms has decreased since the introduction of HAART, it is known that non-AIDS-related malignant neoplasms are currently important causes of mortality in persons with HIV/AIDS in the developed countries 13,14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although the incidence of AIDS-related neoplasms has decreased since the introduction of HAART, it is known that non-AIDS-related malignant neoplasms are currently important causes of mortality in persons with HIV/AIDS in the developed countries 13,14 . The increase in the proportion of deaths from non-AIDS-defining malignant neoplasms in persons with HIV/AIDS can be attributed to: (i) aging of the HIV-infected population; (ii) presence of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol abuse, which present high prevalence among persons with HIV/AIDS 27 ; (iii) immunosuppression caused by HIV 28 , (iv) co-infection with oncogenic viruses 29 ; and (v) the probable oncogenic effect of HAART 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Trends in non-AIDS-related causes of death among adults with HIV/AIDS, Brazil, 1999 to 2010

Fazito¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Pereira³

et al. 2013

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…These results agree with findings by other authors showing an increase in deaths from cardiovascular diseases in persons with HIV/AIDS since the introduction of HAART 13,16,17 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trends in non-AIDS-related causes of death among adults with HIV/AIDS, Brazil, 1999 to 2010

Fazito¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Pereira³

et al. 2013

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…A study realized by SACKOFF et al, of patients registered in New York City, showed an increased rate of mortality for causes related to HIV with advanced age (greater than 65 years) and in women 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to a reference hospital in the northeast region of Brazil

Soares

Filho

Carvalho

et al. 2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe AIDS epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon of enormous magnitude and extension, deeply transforming medical practices and public health initiatives. This retrospective survey aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to the Institute of Tropical Diseases Natan Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, from January, 2001 through December, 2004. Of the 828 patients, 43% were from other states and 71.3% were men. Average patient age was 35.4 ± 11.5 years-old and 85.5% were illiterate or had primary education. The main form of exposure to HIV was heterosexual behavior (54.1%), while injectable drug use was confirmed by only 2.7% of registered cases. The most frequent infectious complications were candidiasis (42.4%) and pneumocystosis (22.2%). Sixty-eight cases (8.2%) of visceral leishmaniasis were registered. Using multivariate analysis, individuals aged over 40 years-old, patients with active tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and central nervous system cryptococcosis showed increased risk of death. In this study, young male adults with low educational levels predominated and the most frequent opportunistic infections were candidiasis and pneumocystosis.

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Association Between Depressive Disorders and Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults

et al. 2016

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IMPORTANCE With the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy and improved survival, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected people are living longer and are now at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is an urgent need to identify novel risk factors and primary prevention approaches for CVD in HIV. Although depression is prevalent in HIV-infected adults and is associated with future CVD in the general population, its association with CVD events has not been examined in the HIV-infected population. OBJECTIVE To examine whether depressive disorders are prospectively associated with incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a large cohort of adults with HIV. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Included in this cohort study were 26 144 HIV-infected veterans without CVD at baseline (1998–2003) participating in the US Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Aging Cohort Study from April 1, 2003, through December 31, 2009. At baseline, 4853 veterans (19%) with major depressive disorder (MDD; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] codes 296.2 and 296.3) and 2296 (9%) with dysthymic disorder (ICD-9 code 300.4) were identified. The current analysis was conducted from January 2015 to November 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident AMI (defined by discharge summary documentation, enzyme/electrocardiography evidence of AMI, inpatient ICD-9 code for AMI (410), or AMI as underlying cause of death [International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code 121]) between the enrollment date and December 31, 2009. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of those with MDD was 47.3 (7.9) years and for those without MDD was 48.2 (9.7) years. During 5.8 years of follow-up, 490 AMI events (1.9%) occurred. Baseline MDD was associated with incident AMI after adjusting for demographics (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05–1.62), CVD risk factors (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.60), and HIV-specific factors (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05–1.62). Further adjustment for hepatitis C, renal disease, substance abuse, and hemoglobin level (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00–1.56) and antidepressant use (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.87–1.42) attenuated associations. Baseline dysthymic disorder was not associated with incident AMI. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We report novel evidence that HIV-infected adults with MDD have a 30% increased risk for AMI than HIV-infected adults without MDD after adjustment for many potential confounders. Our findings raise the possibility that MDD may be independently associated with incident atherosclerotic CVD in the HIV-infected population.

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Causes of Death among Persons with AIDS in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: New York City

Cited by 398 publications

References 36 publications

Trends in non-AIDS-related causes of death among adults with HIV/AIDS, Brazil, 1999 to 2010

Trends in non-AIDS-related causes of death among adults with HIV/AIDS, Brazil, 1999 to 2010

Clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with HIV/AIDS admitted to a reference hospital in the northeast region of Brazil

Association Between Depressive Disorders and Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults

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