Causes of Death in Different Subtypes of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Abstract

Causes of death in both ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) subtypes are not comprehensively studied. Between 2008 and 2011, we enrolled 11 215 first-ever stroke patients from the Stroke Registry of Chang-Gung Healthcare System and linked these data to the national death registry. The main causes of death in each stroke subtype were assessed. Patients with HS had higher overall mortality than IS (32.0% vs 18.1%, P < .001). In IS subtypes, large-artery atherosclerosis plus cardioembolism had the worst mortality (40.7%, P < .001). Stroke was the leading cause of death in both IS and HS within the first year. Stroke remained the major cause of death in HS, but cancer was the leading cause of death in IS after the first year. After excluding the patients with previous cancer history, cancer was still an important cause of death in IS and HS, particularly in the IS subtypes of small vessel occlusion, stroke of undetermined etiology, and transient ischemic attack.

Choices for long-term hypertensive control in patients after first-ever hemorrhagic stroke: a nationwide cohort study

“…According to our previous study, 1 more than half of the mortality in HS patients occurred within the first month after stroke onset. Drug switching or discontinuation occurs more commonly within the first 180 days after the start of medication.…”

“… 21 Since coronary artery disease and IS share similar risk factors, IS patients may also be at risk of cardiovascular mortality, particularly the IS subtypes of cardioembolic stroke and large artery disease as seen in our previous study. 1 It is reported that RASI could be beneficial to IS patients, 8 but the benefits to HS patients are undetermined due to HS patients being infrequently enrolled in the previous studies. 8 , 20 , 21 Although RASIs were found to have benefits in animal models with HS, 22 the Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial, which used candesartan in 144 HS patients, only showed conflicting results with possibly harmful effects in the acute phase but neutral effects in the following 6 months.…”

“…Our previous study showed that in IS survivors, recurrent IS, cancer-related death, and cardiac disease are the main causes of death. 1 However, in HS survivors, preventing recurrent HS is the most effective method to reduce mortality. 1 To prevent recurrent HS, blood pressure (BP) should be well and intensively controlled.…”

“… 1 However, in HS survivors, preventing recurrent HS is the most effective method to reduce mortality. 1 To prevent recurrent HS, blood pressure (BP) should be well and intensively controlled. 2 – 5 However, it remains uncertain whether there were pleiotropic effects in different classes of antihypertensive drugs on HS patients.…”

Comparison of Tension According to the Type of Sling Cord during the Bridging Exercise with Sling in Stroke Patients

“…뇌졸중은 암, 심장병과 함께 주요 사망 원인의 하나로써 유병률이 점차 증가하고 있으며, 생존율은 높아지고 있으 나 기능 장애로 인한 많은 치료비가 지불되고 있다 1,2) . 뇌 의 병변 부위에 따라 손상된 뇌의 반대쪽에 감각 및 운동 장애와 같은 신경학적 손상을 일으키며, 특히 뇌졸중으로 인한 운동결함은 뇌 손상 반대쪽 신체에 발생하는 편마비 가 나타난다 3,4) .…”