Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Brazil

Silva, Aline Aparecida da; Villalobos, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro; Cunha, Elenice Maria Sequetin; Lara, Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold; Nassar, Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro; Piatti, Rosa Maria; Castro, Vanessa; Pinheiro, Eliana Scarcelli; Carvalho, Aline Feola de; Fava, Cláudia Del

doi:10.1590/1808-1657000092020

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All cases had lesions consistent with EHV-1 infection and the presence of EHV-1 was confirmed by PCR and IHC. EHV-1 is a well-known cause of abortion in mares ( 4 – 13 ). Viral DNA was also found in three abortion cases, which all had lesions consistent with fetal death due to UCT and lacked EHV-1 pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark

et al. 2021

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Background: Loss of pregnancy in mares can have many different causes, including both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Extrapolation of findings from other studies is often uncertain as the significance of each cause varies across regions. Causes of pregnancy loss in mares have never been thoroughly studied in Denmark, so a prospective cross-sectional cohort study targeting the entire Danish population of pregnant mares was performed over a period of 13 months to obtain knowledge of the significance of individual causes. Fifty aborted or prematurely delivered stillborn fetuses were submitted for necropsy and examined by a panel of diagnostic laboratory methods.Results: Overall, a cause of fetal loss was established for 72% of the examined cases. Most cases (62%) were lost due to a non-infectious cause, of which obstruction of the feto-placental blood circulation due to severe torsion of the umbilical cord was most prevalent. Pregnancy loss due to a variety of opportunistic bacteria, including bacteria not previously associated with abortion in mares, accounted for 12%, while equid alphaherpesvirus (EHV) type 1 was the cause of pregnancy loss in 8% of the cases. EHV type 4 and Chlamydiaceae species were identified in some cases, but not regarded as the cause of fetal loss.Conclusion: Umbilical cord torsion was found to be the most prevalent cause of fetal loss in Danish mares, while infectious causes such as EHV type 1 and streptococci only accounted for a minor proportion of the losses. The study highlights the need for defined criteria for establishing an abortion diagnosis in mares, particularly in relation to EHV types 1 and 4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic studies of aborted, premature, and stillborn foals have revealed a wide range of causes (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, the results of these studies cannot be directly compared, since different study designs, methods, and diagnostic criteria, were used by different researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark

et al. 2021

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“…The aforementioned low abortion rate of EHV-1 (1. 09%) was in concurrences with Silva et al (2020) who recorded [2/105, (1. 9%)] of equine abortions in Brazil caused by EHV1 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiological Study on Herpesviruses Infection among Equid Populations in Upper Egypt

Abdel-Rady

El-Rahim

El-Hameed³

et al. 2023

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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The present study was carried out to record the clinical signs of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) infection and to detect the prevalence of EHVs infection among working equids in different provinces of Egypt. A total number of 115 working equids (92 horses and 23 donkeys) were clinically examined and sampled from November 2018 till November 2019 for this study. Two samples were collected from each animal (nasal swab and blood sample) and were subjected to multiplex-PCR to detect the prevalence of different EHVs infection among equids. In the current study, the overall prevalence of EHVs infection among equid populations in Egypt was 80% by using multiplex-PCR. Moreover, the most prevalent equine herpesvirus (EHV) among equids in Upper Egypt was EHV-2 (61.74%), followed by EHV-5 (43.48%), EHV-1 (20%), and EHV-4 (13.04%). The recorded clinical signs of the examined equids harbored EHVs (PCR-positive) can be summarized as follow: a higher percentage was detected among equids with a history of acute onset (59.78%), pyrexia (57.61%), and/or systemic illness (45.65%) with or without respiratory signs (56.52%) and ocular signs (35.87%). Furthermore, 4.35% and 1.09% of EHV-1 PCR-positive equids displayed neurological signs and abortion, respectively.

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“…Escherichia coli is a largely commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, but it has been reported to be a causal agent in some nosocomial infections (Sato et al, 2020), and as a cause of abortion in mares (Silva et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial pneumonia in horses associated with Escherichia coli infection: report of five cases

Melo

Ferreira

2022

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Respiratory diseases have a major impact on sport horses and are often cited as the second most common reason for loss of training days and significant veterinary costs. Adult horses most commonly develop pneumonia when bacteria aspirated from the environment, nose, or oropharynx reach the lower airways and overwhelm the pulmonary defense mechanisms. This article report five cases of bacterial pneumonia in horses associated with infection by Eschericia coli. Five Quarter horses, three males and two females, with ages varying from 5 to 12 years, were examined for diagnosis of respiratory disease characterized by apathy, cough and lack of appetite. Auscultation of the thorax revealed increased harsh breath sounds dorsally, crackles, wheezes, and dullness of respiratory sounds ventrally. Manipulation of the trachea and larynx induced cough. Culture results were positive for Escherichia coli. The therapeutic protocol consisted of anti-inflammatory, antibiotic therapy, and supportive care. Flunixin meglumine was administered intravenously at 24-hour intervals over eight days. Ceftiofur sodium was prescribed intramuscularly, q.d., for 15 days. Horses were clinically monitored daily until complete remission of clinical signs. None of the animals relapsed, and all returned to routine athletic activities.

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Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark

A Diagnostic Survey of Aborted Equine Fetuses and Stillborn Premature Foals in Denmark

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiological Study on Herpesviruses Infection among Equid Populations in Upper Egypt

Bacterial pneumonia in horses associated with Escherichia coli infection: report of five cases

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