Causes of fruit bruising on transport trucks

O’Brien, Michael J.; Claypool, L. L.; Leonard, Sherman; York, George K.; MacGillivray, John H.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v35n06p113

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In other studies using bulk containers, greater depth of fruit in the containers resulted in increased bruising and damage to tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), apricots (Prunus armeniaca), and peaches (Prunus persica) as a result of increased compression of the fruit (Geyer et al, 2003;O'Brien et al, 1963). Vibration and shaking actions that occur during transporta- tion can compact bulk-packaged fruit, causing additional compression as was seen in the transportation of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (Lallu et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of a New Harvest Container for Wild Blueberries

Forney¹,

Eaton²,

Gao³

2006

horttech

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Increasing the size of containers used to transport wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fruit from the fi eld to the processing facility has the potential to increase handling effi ciency. Currently the wild blueberry industry uses a standard 18-inch-long × 15-inch-wide × 5-inch-deep plastic container that holds about 20 lb of fruit. This study examined the development of a new, pallet-sized high-capacity blueberry container and determined its effects on fruit quality following harvesting, transport, and processing. Laboratory studies on the effects of packing depth of berries on fruit quality demonstrated that container depths of 14.2 inches were damaging to fruit 24 hours following harvest, transport, and holding under ambient conditions, while depths of 7.1 inches were not. In commercial trials with larger pallet-sized prototype containers, fruit depths of up to 10 inches were not damaging to fruit under otherwise typical commercial handling conditions. Dumping fruit from the 10-inch-deep pallet-sized containers onto conveyer belts at the processing facility caused minimal damage to the fruit. In addition, fruit crushing that occurred in the large pallet-sized containers was similar to that occurring in the standard 20-lb plastic containers currently used by the industry. Results of these studies indicate that large pallet-size blueberry containers with a depth of 10 inches could be used without causing signifi cant damage to fresh fruit during harvest, transport, and processing. Thus as a whole, the adoption of this type of container would improve handling effi ciency and potentially the quality of the fruit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of a New Harvest Container for Wild Blueberries

Forney¹,

Eaton²,

Gao³

2006

horttech

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“…Gillou (1963) noted that packed fruit can be severely injured by vibrations during transport. O'Brien et al (1963) simulated vibrations during transport by placing crates of pears on a vibrating table; significant damage resulted. Whittenburger et al ( 1964) found that cherries bruised once in impact were more susceptible to bruising in further loadings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Strain and Failure Characteristics of Potato Tissue Under Cyclic Loading

Pitt

1984

J Texture Studies

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Cyclic compressive loadings between zero and a fixed peak stress were applied to cylindrical samples of potato flesh. The tissue can eventually fail under stress magnitudes insufficient to cause failure initially. Failure was apparently due to shear rupture, as under ordinary constant‐strain‐rate loading to failure. An empirical model for the probability distribution for the number of cycles to failure indicates that the likelihood of failure on successive load cycles remains approximately constant with the number of cycles applied. Thus, failure is apparently a random process and not an accumulative one. Normal strain at failure is significantly greater under cyclic loading. It is theorized that failure is due to a random degradation in the shear strength of the tissue. Stress‐strain characteristics under cyclic loading are marked by an accumulation of plastic deformation in the first few load cycles, loss of firmness and a hysteresis between loading and unloading. An earlier model for the parenchyma cell is extended to include plasticity in the cell wall in the initial distension. This plasticity is predicted to contribute to the apparent tissue plasticity and loss of turgor pressure in the first load cycle.

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“…4 Depending on the environmental conditions, premature collapse of paperboard boxes due to excessive vibrations has been also been observed. 5 Many materials that are used in products and protective packaging systems exhibit ductile behaviour and are affected by repetitive applications of stresses, even at relatively low amplitudes. In such cases, the material's ability to withstand further stress application is gradually eroded until failure occurs.…”

Section: Transport-related Vibrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to analysing and simulating railcar shock and vibrations

Rouillard

Richmond

2006

Packag Technol Sci

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This paper presents the preliminary findings of an experimental research programme aimed at determining the character of the shocks and vibrations that occur during rail transport in Australia. The main purpose of the research is to generate information to enable more accurate simulation of railway vibrations in the laboratory, so as to give packaging designers a real opportunity to optimize their designs and, if necessary, develop protective packaging systems specific to a particular distribution environment. One of the hypotheses to be tested is that the railway shocks and vibrations that occur in Australia vary significantly in nature from the spectral representations given in test standards. This paper presents the results of analyses carried out on a number of measurements undertaken during 2004-2005 on the Melbourne-Perth railway. One of the most significant findings is that the spectral shape and spectral bandwidth of the measured vertical vibrations vary significantly from those given in test standards. Also, there is strong evidence to show that vertical vibrations comprise two main elements: rigid-body vibrations and structural vibrations. The results show that structural vibrations often occur in bursts caused by the impulsive nature of forces at the wheel-rail interfaces or as a result of longitudinal impulsive loads between railcars. The paper concludes by proposing a method by which the intermittency of these structural vibrations can be simulated by superimposing randomly occurring high-frequency vibration bursts onto the main rigid-body random vibrations. The outcome, it is argued, is a simulated signal that is a more truthful representation of the real process.

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Causes of fruit bruising on transport trucks

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Development of a New Harvest Container for Wild Blueberries

Development of a New Harvest Container for Wild Blueberries

Stress-Strain and Failure Characteristics of Potato Tissue Under Cyclic Loading

A novel approach to analysing and simulating railcar shock and vibrations

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