Causes of high blood O2 affinity of animals living at high altitude

Petschow, D.; Würdinger, Irene; Baumann, Rosemarie; Duhm, Jochen; Braunitzer, Gerhard; Bauer, Christian

doi:10.1152/jappl.1977.42.2.139

Cited by 138 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…an decrease in organic phosphate concentration, or c) a decrease in sensitivity to organic phosphates (Petschow et al, 1977).…”

Section: Adaptation To Hypoxia By Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bar headed goose flies over the Himalayas and has remarkably adapted to high altitude hypoxia (Petschow et al, 1977). This bird is native to high altitude and has an Hb-O 2 affinity (standard P 50 =29.7 mmHg) that is much greater than its relatives that are native to sea level (e.g.…”

Section: Adaptation To Hypoxia By Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased affinity has been achieved by changes in haemoglobin structure, as in deer mice in the Rocky Mountains (Storz et al, 2007) and high altitude chickens that were introduced to the Andes only 500 years ago (Velarde et al, 1991). Alternatively, it has also been achieved by a decrease in [2,, as in Tibetan pika (Ge et al, 1998), or by decreased influence of 2,3-DPG, as in bar-headed geese (Petschow et al, 1977).…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in-vivo oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve at sea level and high altitude

Balaban

Duffin

Preiss

et al. 2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Some animals have adapted to hypoxia by increasing their haemoglobin affinity for oxygen, but in vitro studies have not shown any change of haemoglobin affinity for oxygen in human high altitude natives or lowlanders acutely acclimatized to high altitude. We conducted the first in vivo study of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve by progressively reducing arterial PO 2 while maintaining normocapnia in lowlanders at sea level, lowlanders sojourning at 3600m for two weeks and native Andeans at the same altitude. We found that the in vivo PO 2 at which haemoglobin is half-saturated (P 50 ) is higher in lowlanders at sea level (32 mmHg) than that measured in vitro (27 mmHg) and that lowlanders and highlanders do significantly increase the in vivo affinity of their haemoglobin for oxygen with exposure to high altitude. These results indicate the value of an in vivo approach for studying the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve.iii

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“…an decrease in organic phosphate concentration, or c) a decrease in sensitivity to organic phosphates (Petschow et al, 1977).…”

Section: Adaptation To Hypoxia By Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptation To Hypoxia By Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The in-vivo oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve at sea level and high altitude

Balaban

Duffin

Preiss

et al. 2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This species breeds on the high plateaus of central Asia and, remarkably, has been observed flying over the summit of Mt Everest (8850 m) during its fall migration to northeastern India (Swan, 1970). A number of physiological traits increase O 2 uptake, circulation and diffusion to contribute to the remarkable physiological performance of bar-headed geese in hypoxic conditions (Petschow et al, 1977;Perutz, 1983;Jessen et al, 1991;Scott and Milsom, 2007;Scott et al, 2009aScott et al, , b, 2011. Recently, Scott et al (2011) reported variation in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzyme kinetics between bar-headed geese and closely related lowland species.…”

Section: Hb Polymorphisms In Deer Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into adaptation to high-altitude environments

2011

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Elucidating the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits is a central goal of evolutionary genetics. The cold, hypoxic conditions of high-altitude habitats impose severe metabolic demands on endothermic vertebrates, and understanding how high-altitude endotherms cope with the combined effects of hypoxia and cold can provide important insights into the process of adaptive evolution. The physiological responses to high-altitude stress have been the subject of over a century of research, and recent advances in genomic technologies have opened up exciting opportunities to explore the molecular genetic basis of adaptive physiological traits. Here, we review recent literature on the use of genomic approaches to study adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in terrestrial vertebrates, and explore opportunities provided by newly developed technologies to address unanswered questions in high-altitude adaptation at a genomic scale.

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“…The differences in muscle phenotype and O 2 diffusion capacity are part of a suite of evolutionary changes in the O 2 transport pathway of bar-headed geese that improve O 2 flux in hypoxia. One of these alterations, an inherently higher haemoglobin O 2 affinity (Petschow et al 1977), is known to be caused largely by a single amino acid substitution ( Jessen et al 1991;Zhang et al 1996). This improves O 2 transport in hypoxia by enhancing pulmonary O 2 uptake (Scott & Milsom 2007) and assuring better O 2 delivery throughout the body (Faraci et al 1984).…”

Section: (B) Respiration Of Muscle Mitochondria In Geesementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of muscle phenotype for extreme high altitude flight in the bar-headed goose

et al. 2009

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Bar-headed geese migrate over the Himalayas at up to 9000 m elevation, but it is unclear how they sustain the high metabolic rates needed for flight in the severe hypoxia at these altitudes. To better understand the basis for this physiological feat, we compared the flight muscle phenotype of bar-headed geese with that of low altitude birds (barnacle geese, pink-footed geese, greylag geese and mallard ducks). Bar-headed goose muscle had a higher proportion of oxidative fibres. This increased muscle aerobic capacity, because the mitochondrial volume densities of each fibre type were similar between species. However, bar-headed geese had more capillaries per muscle fibre than expected from this increase in aerobic capacity, as well as higher capillary densities and more homogeneous capillary spacing. Their mitochondria were also redistributed towards the subsarcolemma (cell membrane) and adjacent to capillaries. These alterations should improve O 2 diffusion capacity from the blood and reduce intracellular O 2 diffusion distances, respectively. The unique differences in bar-headed geese were much greater than the minor variation between low altitude species and existed without prior exercise or hypoxia exposure, and the correlation of these traits to flight altitude was independent of phylogeny. In contrast, isolated mitochondria had similar respiratory capacities, O 2 kinetics and phosphorylation efficiencies across species. Bar-headed geese have therefore evolved for exercise in hypoxia by enhancing the O 2 supply to flight muscle.

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Causes of high blood O2 affinity of animals living at high altitude

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

The in-vivo oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve at sea level and high altitude

The in-vivo oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve at sea level and high altitude

Genomic insights into adaptation to high-altitude environments

Evolution of muscle phenotype for extreme high altitude flight in the bar-headed goose

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