Causes of Infection after Earthquake, China, 2008

Wang, Yue; Peng, Hao; Lu, Bo; Yu, Hua; Wen-fang, Huang; Hong-liang, Hou; Dai, Kerong

doi:10.3201/eid1606.091523

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Similar infections have occurred in trauma victims after natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes, or bystanders in areas of active military conflicts (209)(210)(211)(212)(213)(214)(215).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Acinetobacter is a complex genus, and historically, there has been confusion about the existence of multiple species. The species commonly cause nosocomial infections, predominantly aspiration pneumonia and catheter-associated bacteremia, but can also cause soft tissue and urinary tract infections. Community-acquired infections by Acinetobacter spp. are increasingly reported. Transmission of Acinetobacter and subsequent disease is facilitated by the organism's environmental tenacity, resistance to desiccation, and evasion of host immunity. The virulence properties demonstrated by Acinetobacter spp. primarily stem from evasion of rapid clearance by the innate immune system, effectively enabling high bacterial density that triggers lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sepsis. Capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor that enables immune evasion, while LPS triggers septic shock. However, the primary driver of clinical outcome is antibiotic resistance. Administration of initially effective therapy is key to improving survival, reducing 30-day mortality threefold. Regrettably, due to the high frequency of this organism having an extreme drug resistance (XDR) phenotype, early initiation of effective therapy is a major clinical challenge. Given its high rate of antibiotic resistance and abysmal outcomes (up to 70% mortality rate from infections caused by XDR strains in some case series), new preventative and therapeutic options for Acinetobacter spp. are desperately needed.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

et al. 2017

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“…A. baumannii can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia occurring mainly during the warm and humid months in tropical and subtropical zones (10,11). In addition, A. baumannii isolates have been recovered from wounds of survivors of natural disasters (12,13), as well as from soldiers (14) and civilians (15) during warfare. Reports studying A. baumannii human carriage in the community are rare, and the prevalence has varied according to the countries and the identification methods used, from 0.5% to 3% in Europe (16)(17)(18), 4% in Hong Kong (19), and 5.4% in Senegal (20) to 10.4% in the United States (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrahuman Epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Lebanon

Rafei

Hamzé

Pailhoriès

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

101

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The presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to explore the extrahospital epidemiology of A. baumannii in Lebanon. From February 2012 to October 2013, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples, and 379 animal samples were analyzed by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii. Species identification was performed by rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated, and the A. baumannii population was studied by two genotyping approaches: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and bla OXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). A. baumannii was detected in 6.9% of water samples, 2.7% of milk samples, 8.0% of meat samples, 14.3% of cheese samples, and 7.7% of animal samples. All isolates showed a susceptible phenotype against most of the antibiotics tested and lacked carbapenemase-encoding genes, except one that harbored a bla OXA-143 gene. MLST analysis revealed the presence of 36 sequence types (STs), among which 24 were novel STs reported for the first time in this study. bla OXA-51 SBT showed the presence of 34 variants, among which 21 were novel and all were isolated from animal origins. Finally, 30 isolates had new partial rpoB sequences and were considered putative new Acinetobacter species. In conclusion, animals can be a potential reservoir for A. baumannii and the dissemination of new emerging carbapenemases. The roles of the novel animal clones identified in community-acquired infections should be investigated.

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“…Most of these patients reported injecting heroin intramuscularly within the previous 2 weeks. Among 2,131 survivors admitted to a public hospital in the Sichuan area, at least 19 patients (0.9 %) developed gas gangrene (Wang et al 2010). Necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene were the most frequent, major, and lethal complications observed in a review of 72 cases of complications caused by liposuction performed in Germany between 1998 and 2002 (Lehnhardt et al 2008).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism

Gopalakrishnakone¹,

Balali-Mood²,

Llewellyn³

et al. 2015

Toxinology

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In recent years, the field of toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast-developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, diabetes, chronic pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever-growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to toxinology. Composed of 11 volumes, Toxinology provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the main areas in toxinology, from fundamental concepts to new developments and applications in the field. Each volume comprises a focused and carefully chosen collection of contributions from leading names in the subject.

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Causes of Infection after Earthquake, China, 2008

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

Extrahuman Epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Lebanon

Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism

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