CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE KORI BUSTARDS (<i>ARDEOTIS KORI</i>) IN THE UNITED STATES

Hanselmann, Rhea; Hallager, Sara; Murray, Suzan; Mazet, Jonna A. K.

doi:10.1638/2012-0160r.1

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For instance, infectious diseases, mainly in gastrointestinal processes, were the most common mortality causes of captive Attwater´s prairie chickens, Tympanuchus cupido , affecting both young and adult animals [ 25 ]. Similarly, capture myopathy and handling injuries are commonly reported in other captive bird species [ 26 , 27 ]. On the other hand, we believe that the duodenal obstruction with a hazelnut and proventriculus and heart perforation with a briar branch observed in this study represent isolated cases, although they suggest the susceptibility of western capercaillies to some food items present in their diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

García‐Rodríguez

Herrero-García

García

et al. 2023

Animals

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The Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) is one of the most severely threatened subspecies of capercaillie. Its current population range is restricted to a small area of the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain), with only around 200 individuals remaining. As part of the national strategy for the conservation of the subspecies, the Cantabrian capercaillie Captive Breeding Center of Sobrescobio opened in 2009. Here, we use the information provided by the necropsies performed in this facility on 29 individuals (11 males, 13 females and 5 undetermined; 16 chicks and 13 adults) in order to describe the main mortality causes of captive-bred Cantabrian capercaillies. After necropsy, tissue samples were taken for evaluation using standard methods in histology and microbiology. The majority of the captive animals (18/29, 62.07%) died due to infectious diseases, mainly due to Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, or Aspergillus fumigatus infection. The remaining 11 animals died due to stress-related processes (i.e., rupture of the heart apex and cardiomyopathy or neurogenic shock) (8/29, 27.59%), duodenal obstruction and coelomitis (1/29, 3.45%), perforation of the proventriculus and heart with a briar branch (1/29, 3.45%) or euthanasia due to a valgus leg deformity that prevented proper animal welfare (1/29, 3.45%). Young animals (i.e., younger than 2 months) died mainly due to infectious diseases (14/16, 87.5%), while stress-related causes were responsible for most adult deaths (7/13, 53.85%). We additionally report that two free-ranging adult males died due to exertional myopathy. This study provides relevant information for reducing mortality in captive capercaillies and improving both living conditions in captivity and the adaptation of these animals to the wild.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

García‐Rodríguez

Herrero-García

García

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Few reports of neoplasia in Otididae exist, and none discuss treatment protocols. [22][23][24] Radiation therapy, repeated intratumoral chemotherapy, and intravenous chemotherapeutic protocols have been documented in other avian species for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma tumors; however, these strategies were not considered feasible in this case because of the frequent handling required and subsequent high risk of trauma or myopathy for this species. [12][13][14][15] Furthermore, reports of systemic chemotherapeutic use in avian species are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metronomic Chemotherapy for Myxosarcoma Treatment in a Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori)

Sander¹,

Hope²,

McNeill³

et al. 2015

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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A 22-year-old, wild-caught male kori bustard (Ardeotis kori) developed a large, slow-growing subcutaneous mass over the keel. The mass was surgically debulked and histopathologically described as a myxosarcoma. Surgical dehiscence and concurrent local tumor regrowth, with no evidence of metastasis, occurred over the subsequent 3 months, necessitating 2 additional surgical procedures to close the wound. At 19 weeks after the initial procedure, a second debulking surgical procedure was performed, at which time carboplatin-impregnated matrix beads were placed in the lesion. Moderate local tumor regrowth was clinically appreciable 4 weeks after surgery, at which time an oral metronomic chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of daily cyclophosphamide (10 mg/m(2)) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg) was initiated. Four months later, the tumor was no longer palpable. While oral therapy was discontinued during the breeding season, mass regrowth was observed, and the mass was surgically debulked before reinitiating oral chemotherapy. Treatment was extended for over 1 year with no hematologic evaluation or serum biochemical abnormalities, and the bird otherwise remained clinically healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a myxosarcoma in a bustard species and the first report of successful clinical application of metronomic chemotherapy in an avian species.

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“…Captive bustards commonly suffer musculoskeletal disorders, disease outbreaks and trauma (van Heezik, Seddon & Maloney ; Bailey & Flach ; White ; Hanselmann et al . ). Bad weather, cage failure and predator incursions cause injuries or mortality (K.M.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ark or park: the need to predict relative effectiveness of ex situ and in situ conservation before attempting captive breeding

Dolman

Collar

Scotland³

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. When species face extinction, captive breeding may be appropriate. However, captive breeding may be unsuccessful, while reducing motivation and resources for in situ conservation and impacting wild source populations. Despite such risks, decisions are generally taken without rigorous evaluation. We develop an individual-based, stochastic population model to evaluate the potential effectiveness of captive-breeding and release programmes, illustrated by the critically endangered Ardeotis nigriceps Vigors great Indian bustard. 2. The model was parameterized from a comprehensive review of captive breeding and wild demography of large bustards. To handle uncertainty in the standards of captive-breeding performance that may be achieved, we explored four scenarios of programme quality: 'full range' (parameters sampled across the observed range), 'below average', 'above average' and 'best possible' (performance observed in exemplary breeding programmes). Results are evaluated examining: (i) the probability of captive population extirpation within 50 years and (ii) numbers of adult females subsequently established in the wild following release, compared to an alternative strategy of in situ conservation without attempting captive breeding. 3. Successful implementation of captive breeding, involving permanent retention of 20 breeding females and release of surplus juveniles, required collection of many wild eggs and consistent 'best possible' performance across all aspects of the programme. Under 'full-range' and 'above-average' scenarios, captive population extirpation probabilities were 73-88% and 23-51% respectively, depending on egg collection rates. 4. Although most (73-92%) 'best possible' programmes supported releases, re-establishment of free-living adults also required effective in situ conservation. Incremental implementation of effective conservation measures over the initial 10 years resulted in more free-living adults within 35 years if eggs were left in the wild without attempting captive breeding. 5. Synthesis and applications. For the great Indian bustard Ardeotis nigriceps, rapid implementation of in situ conservation offers a better chance to avoid extinction than captive breeding. Demographic modelling of threatened species should be used to examine whether captive breeding will bring net benefits to conservation programmes.

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CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE KORI BUSTARDS (ARDEOTIS KORI) IN THE UNITED STATES

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

Mortality Causes in Captive Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) in Spain

Metronomic Chemotherapy for Myxosarcoma Treatment in a Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori)

Ark or park: the need to predict relative effectiveness of ex situ and in situ conservation before attempting captive breeding

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