Causes of Under-5 Mortality Among Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa Nations: A Comparative Study

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were designed to benefit the globalized world by safeguarding economic and environmental resources necessary for quality health and well-being and moderate growth and development. The study focused specifically on SDG-3 (good health and well-being), SDG-5 (gender equality), and SDG-8 (decent work and economic growth) to identify the most significant influencing factors that can affect the under-5 mortality rate in a large cross-section of 166 countries. The research used three different regression apparatuses to produce consistent and unbiased estimates: cross-sectional, robust least squares, and quantile regression approaches. Additionally, the innovation accounting matrix technique examines the intertemporal relationships between the variables over the time horizon. The data reveal that precarious female employment increases the under-5 mortality rate. On the other hand, women’s political autonomy continued economic growth, and higher immunization coverage is supporting factors for achieving healthcare sustainability agenda. The ex-ante analysis indicates that per capita income will significantly impact the under-5 mortality rate, followed by women’s political autonomy, insecure female employment, and immunization coverage during the next ten years. The results are consistent with other health indicators such as the health damage function, labour market function, and wealth function. The study suggests that the more unlocking women’s potential in political life, the more likely it is to achieve equitable healthcare choices and reduce the mortality rate among children under five. As a result, there is an urgent need for women to have an equitable share of the labour market to appropriately meet their family healthcare demands.

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Under-five Mortality: Comparative Study of Kenya and other three East-african Developing Countries

Dlamini,

Melesse,

Mwambi

2024

TOPHJ

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Background An indicator called the under-five mortality rate makes it possible to compare deaths in several locations and groups of children of various sizes at once. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still has a high under-five mortality rate that needs to be addressed before modifiable causes can be completely recognized. Objective The study investigates the stark disparity in mortality rates for children under five between Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Methods The study assessed secondary data from the World Bank repository covering four East African nation's period from 1990 to 2019. Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA was used in the study as a method of data analysis. Therefore, A significance threshold of 0.05 is therefore, considered for the statistical tests in this investigation, and the statistical software used is R. Results The findings showed that the under-five mortality rates of the four nations under consideration differed significantly (p<0.05). The median under-five mortality for the country Kenya was 82 compared to 117 in Rwanda, Uganda was 113, while for Tanzania was 97. According to a Wilcoxon signed rank pairwise tests, there is a significant difference in under-five mortality between Kenya and Uganda. Conclusion Kenya has the lowest average under-five mortality rate (79.00 ± 26.40), while Rwanda has the highest average rate (123.53 ± 72.93). Within the review period, the average mortality rate in Rwanda was 40 higher than the average in Kenya and more than 20 more than the average for Tanzania's under-five mortality rate.

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Causes of Under-5 Mortality Among Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa Nations: A Comparative Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Discontinuation of healthcare and factors associated to mortality among severe acute malnourished children under five years in healthcare and nutritional care settings

Discontinuation of healthcare and factors associated to mortality among severe acute malnourished children under five years in healthcare and nutritional care settings

Do precarious female employment and political autonomy affect the under-5 mortality rate? Evidence from 166 countries

Under-five Mortality: Comparative Study of Kenya and other three East-african Developing Countries

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