Causes of Visual Impairment in Children: A Study of 3,210 Cases

Haddad, Maria Aparecida Onuki; Sei, Mayumi; Sampaio, Marcos; Kara‐José, Newton

doi:10.3928/01913913-20070701-04

Cited by 72 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Despite several population studies that examined the prevalence of IRDs (4)(5)(6), there are only a few that reported the incidence of IRDs or IRD-related blindness on a population scale (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). A significant proportion of childhood blindness, across different countries, has been attributed to IRD (9,10,(12)(13)(14)(15). This is consistent with data from the UK in which 13% of all childhood blindness certificates were attributed to IRD (16).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Inherited retinal diseases are the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in Australia

Jeffery

Mukhtar

McAllister

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Genetics

110

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Background: This study examined the frequency of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) as the reason for blindness registrations over the last two decades and the demographic and clinical phenotypes of inherited retinal disease (IRD)-related registrations. Materials and methods: Retrospective, observational study of individuals registered with a state-wide blind and vision-impaired registry. Low-vision or blindness-only (≤20/200 or ≤20°) certificates issued to children (0-15 years), working-age (16-64 years) and older-age (65 and older) adults were assessed. Sex and age distributions were examined for the top 20 reasons for certification. Demographic and clinical features of specific phenotypes of IRDs listed in the registry were examined. Results: Amongst 11824 low-vision certificates issued between July 1995 and January 2017, 679 (5.7%) listed an IRD as the reason for registration. In individuals with blindness-only certification (N=4919), IRDs was the second most common diagnosis (8.3%), overtaking glaucoma (8.1%) and diabetic retinopathy (5.4%). IRD was the second most common reason for low-vision certification amongst children (11.6%) and the most common reason amongst working-age population (23.3%). The mean±SD age for IRD-related blindness-only certification was 46±20 years. The top three phenotypes of IRD-related low-vision certification were non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (54%), Stargardt disease (12%) and macular dystrophy (8%). Conclusion: Our findings of IRDs as a common cause of blindness in all ages justify continued funding for providing low-vision services and developing treatments for these conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Inherited retinal diseases are the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in Australia

Jeffery

Mukhtar

McAllister

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Genetics

110

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“…The findings of this study compare well with other studies conducted in India, Tehran, Brazil, Thailand, Germany and in the Netherlands which identified retinal disorders as the most common cause of blindness. 13,[15][16][17][18] Anterior segment disorders were a more common cause of vision loss in studies performed in Uganda and Ethiopia which might reflect a high prevalence of infectious diseases and vitamin A deficiencies in these states. 19,20 As our study was conducted among the students in the school of blind, the two common diseases which are the important cause of low vision (cataract and refractive error) was not seen as a major cause of vision loss in our study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Visual Impairment and Blindness in Saudi Arabia’s School for the Blind: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Alabdulwahhab

Ahmad

2020

OPTO

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Aim: Visual impairment and blindness are important global health issues as they are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life, leading to substantial economic loss and productivity. There are only a few published articles on vision impairment and blindness in Saudi Arabia to compare the range of estimated global prevalence of low vision, blindness, and their causes. This study aims to find out the important causes of vision impairment and blindness in schools for the blind in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the blind schools in Buraidah city of Qassim province. A total of 278 registered cases were included in this study using a systematic random sampling of registered cases. Based on the definitions, the cases were classified as having vision impairment and/or blindness. The data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS 25. Results: The mean age was 30 years (range: 6 to 83 years) and 174 (76.4%) were males and 84 (32.6%) being females. The male:female ratio was 2:1. All the respondents were of Saudi ethnicity. Mild to moderate visual impairment was found in 6%, severe visual impairment in 27%, and blindness was seen in 64% of registered cases. The causes of blindness in these registered cases from blind school were retinitis pigmentosa (26%), optic atrophy (16%), glaucoma (7%), head trauma (6%), nystagmus (6%), retinopathy of prematurity (6%), ocular albinism (4%), corneal opacities (4%), amblyopia (3%) and other causes (22%). Overall, retinal disorders (retinitis pigmentosa and retinopathy of prematurity) were the leading causes of disability followed by optic atrophy. Conclusion: The findings of this study are useful in planning and implementing screening programs in this area for early identification and corrections, thus preventing permanent loss of sight.

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“…Congenital glaucoma is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide, with variable birth prevalence in different populations worldwide, 1 and is responsible for 10.8% of all visual impairments in children. 2 The disease is usually managed surgically, with medical treatment playing a temporary or an adjunctive role. Multiple surgical modalities have been described, however surgery in a buphthalmic eye with disturbed anatomy is challenging and is associated with higher failure rates and multiple complications than in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Final Surgical Outcome of Combined Trabeculotomy–Trabeculectomy in Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Khairy¹,

Kenawy²,

Fawzi³

et al. 2022

OPTH

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Purpose: To evaluate different pre-operative variables on the success of combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT) surgery in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) to predict those at higher risk for surgical failure and for proper parent counseling. Patients and Methods: Sixty-three eyes of patients with PCG were treated either with CTT without augmentation, or CTT augmented with mitomycin-C (0.2 mg/mL) in both subconjunctival space and under scleral flap for 3 minutes, or with CTT augmented with a collagen implant under both the scleral flap and the conjunctiva. Cases showed surgical failure was reported and evaluated in relation to different pre-operative variables. Results: Complete success (IOP ≤21 mmHg) was achieved in 52 cases (82.5%). Cumulative success probability was calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, proving that higher pre-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) was associated with higher failure rates (28.6% for pre-operative IOP ≥30 mmHg versus 4.8% for IOP <30 mmHg), with P value = 0.007. Conclusion:CTT is an effective surgical intervention in PCG patients without sight threatening complications. Univariate survival analysis showed higher rates of surgical failure in patients with higher pre-operative IOP, while other pre-operative variables were irrelevant.

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Causes of Visual Impairment in Children: A Study of 3,210 Cases

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Inherited retinal diseases are the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in Australia

Inherited retinal diseases are the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in Australia

<p>Visual Impairment and Blindness in Saudi Arabia’s School for the Blind: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Factors Affecting Final Surgical Outcome of Combined Trabeculotomy–Trabeculectomy in Primary Congenital Glaucoma

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