Caves and the Ancient Greek Mind

Ustinova, Yulia

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548569.001.0001

Cited by 143 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Notably, darkness, isolation, and weirdness-the properties that constitute caves as excellent models to address timely questions in modern science-were also those that amazed our ancestors, symbolically rooting caves deeply in our human nature as a representation of our myths, tales, and pop-culture memes (Campbell 1956;Bassie-Sweet 1996;Ustinova 2009). Therefore, and even at the risk of over-romanticising these model systems, we argue that caves not only hold some of the clues of our past; but also, if used wisely, may help to unlock some of our hidden future scientific enigmas.…”

Section: A Return To the Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Let research on subterranean habitats resonate!

Mammola¹,

Martínez²

2020

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Whereas scientists interested in subterranean life typically insist that their research is exciting, adventurous, and important to answer general questions, this enthusiasm and potential often fade when the results are translated into scientific publications. This is because cave research is often written by cave scientists for cave scientists; thus, it rarely “leaves the cave”. However, the status quo is changing rapidly. We analysed 21,486 articles focused on subterranean ecosystems published over the last three decades and observed a recent, near-exponential increase in their annual citations and impact factor. Cave research is now more often published in non-specialized journals, thanks to a number of authors who are exploiting subterranean habitats as model systems for addressing important scientific questions. Encouraged by this positive trend, we here propose a few personal ideas for improving the generality of subterranean literature, including tips for framing broadly scoped research and making it accessible to a general audience, even when published in cave-specialized journals. Hopefully, this small contribution will succeed in condensing and broadcasting even further the collective effort taken by the subterranean biology community to bring their research “outside the cave”.

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Section: A Return To the Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Let research on subterranean habitats resonate!

Mammola¹,

Martínez²

2020

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“…Sobre la simbología de las cuevas en el mundo griego, cf. Ustinova, 2009. el dios Fauno y el ritual de los lupercos. Representaciones de la desnudez masculina 166 de la cual hombres jóvenes pertenecientes a la élite romana, 16 ebrios, 17 untados de aceite y desnudos, 18 corrían azotando a quienes se encontraban con sus látigos de piel de cabra recién cortados.…”

Section: Evolución Histórica Del Ritualunclassified

El dios Fauno y el ritual de los lupercos. Representaciones de la desnudez masculina = God Faunus and the ritual of the luperci. Representation of the male nudity

Santiago

2019

Arys

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Resumen: Este trabajo pretende ofrecer, a través de un análisis iconográfico y literario, una nueva perspectiva acerca del grado de desnudez exhibido por los lupercos durante la celebración de las Lupercalias en Roma. Para ello, partimos del análisis de los principales temas que han abordado varias generaciones de estudiosos en relación con esta festividad para pasar, a continuación, a tratar de explicar, a través de las diferentes funciones del ritual, la finalidad de la ceremonia religiosa a los ojos de la propia sociedad romana. Finalmente, y haciendo uso de las únicas imágenes antiguas que de los lupercos han llegado hasta nuestros días, se busca dar cuenta de la evolución de su indumentaria. Así, trataremos de determinar hasta qué punto la opinión mayoritaria de la historiografía, según la cual, hasta Augusto, los lupercos exhibirían sus cuerpos desnudos, pero que tras sus reformas comenzarían a hacer uso de unas vestimentas mucho más pesadas, es válida o no. Esta supuesta variación de los atavíos sacerdotales tal vez guarde relación con cierto cambio fundamental que, auspiciado por Augusto, privó a los senadores de seguir ejerciendo como lupercos en favor de los caballeros. Los equites, que verían así ensalzada su posición social, terminarían siendo, a su vez, relegados de este papel en algún momento indeterminado de los siglos IV o V d. C., cuando sus antiguos roles pasaron a ser desempeñados por actores profesionales, lo que terminaría desvirtuando buena parte del contenido de un ritual ya milenario.Abstract: This work aims to offer, through an iconographic and literary analysis, a new perspective towards the degree of nudity exhibited by the Luperci during the celebration of the Lupercalia in Rome. To reach this objective, we make a start with the analysis of the main topics that have been studied in relation to this holiday by several generations of scholars. We, then, go on to try to explain, through the different functions of the ritual, the purpose of this religious ceremony in the eyes of Roman society itself. Finally, and making use of the only ancient images of the luperci that have survived to this day, we seek to account for the evolution of their clothing. Thus, we will try to determine to what extent the main opinion of historiography is valid or not –concerning the fact that the luperci, until Augustus, exhibited their naked bodies, but after his reforms they would start to use much heavier clothing–. This supposed variation of the priestly attire may be related to a certain fundamental change that, under the auspices of Augustus, deprived the senators of continuing to exercise as luperci in favor of knights. The equites –who would thus see their social status elevated–, would end up being, in turn, relegated from this role at some undetermined time in the IV or V centuries AD. After that, their old roles came to be played by professional actors, which would finally distort much of the content of this millennial ritual.Palabras clave: Desnudez, Lupercalias, lupercos, religión, ritual.Key words: Lupercalia, luperci, nudity, religion, ritual.

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“…Orlandos 76 Schachter 2016, 158. 77 Touloupa 1970, 117;Ustinova 2009, 276. 78 Orlandos 1915 Orlandos 1915, 100;Schachter 1967, 1.…”

Section: The Temple Of Apollo At Ptoionunclassified

Cella alignment and 4th century BC Doric peripteral temple architecture in Mainland Greece

Kanellopoulos

Petrakis

2018

OpAthRom

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This article examines 4th-century BC Doric architecture, dealing with the cella position in relation to the design of the peristasis. Divergences from the theoretical principles are recorded and the reasons dictating the aesthetics as well the traditions are examined. A categorization of Doric peripteral temples is put forward and five peripteral temples are discussed in detail, with new drawings offered; the temple on the Leprean acropolis, the Temple of Asclepios at Gortyn, the Temple of Apollo Ismenios at Thebes, the Temple of Apollo at Mount Ptoion, and the so-called Temple of Hippolytos at Troizen. It is inferred that the previously reconstructed Ionic axial cohesion in the temples under examination has taken into account neither the principles of the Doric order, nor the correct sizes of the elements. An argued evaluation of the physical evidence is necessary for reconstructing the implemented ground-plans. By taking the above into consideration and by re-examining the existing foundations, it is possible to reconstruct features such as the lower diameter of the pronaos columns, the width of the antae, the thickness of the cella and pronaos walls, the cella width and the angular contraction. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the rules to which the 4th century BC peripteral temples tend to conform and to investigate the reasons that led to their formation. It is proposed that reconstructing the roofing systems is the key to a cohesive system of correspondence.

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Caves and the Ancient Greek Mind

Cited by 143 publications

References 0 publications

Let research on subterranean habitats resonate!

Let research on subterranean habitats resonate!

El dios Fauno y el ritual de los lupercos. Representaciones de la desnudez masculina = God Faunus and the ritual of the luperci. Representation of the male nudity

Cella alignment and 4th century BC Doric peripteral temple architecture in Mainland Greece

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