“…During the daily operation of the mixed-flow pump, transient events inevitably occur, such as the influence of valves on fluid performance (Li et al, 2020a, b, c) rapid start-stop operations (Yang et al, 2021) and dynamic changes in rotational speed (Trivedi et al, 2013). These operating conditions can lead to complex cavitation flows, pressure fluctuations, impact loads on rotating components, intense vibrations (Li et al, 2016a, b) and noise (Yang et al, 2022;Jia et al, 2022). They pose significant risks to the operational safety of the system, the stealthiness of military equipment, and the health of personnel.…”