Cavitation history effect of a water-metal Berthelot tube system interpreted by an elaborated gas-trapping crevice model

Abstract

A stainless steel container, filled with 1 g of water and sealed with a copper plug, was repeatedly heated and cooled over an appropriate temperature range (temperature cycles). Negative pressures, although scattered, increased with temperature cycle repetition through two stages. The cavitation history effect persisted for continued temperature cycles after renewal of only the water. The authors found two efficient means of raising the negative pressure by the cavitation history effect: (i) a high repetition rate of the conditioning cycles and (ii) using a sealing metal melted and cast under vacuum. Aided by these means, negative pressure was raised to -87 bar at 49 degrees C after 392 cycles repeated over a period of one week, while the maximum value of -76 bar at 46 degrees C was attained after a total of 850 cycles continued for over a month. The results can be interpreted by the gas-trapping crevice model supplemented with a working assumption that crevices on the metal surface are supplied with gas from sources in the metal bulk. A more recent maximum value of -125 bar at 47 degrees C, the highest value ever reported for water in a metal tube, supports the assumption.

Liquid–liquid equilibria in polymer solutions at negative pressure

“…Ordinarily G(T,P) is determined for P > 0, then extended to the fluid under tension. In an actual Berthelot experiment the pressure which is developed can be measured by determining the deformation of the container 22 [which some, Henderson and Speedy for example, 20 construct in the form of a delicate spiral (an in situ Bourbon gauge)], or can be calculated from the temperature as outlined above. Alternatively, it may be possible to incorporate a strain guage or other type pressure guage into the sample cell, but this will be only at the risk of introducing new sites for heterogeneous nucleation.…”

Inactivation Effects of Negative Pressures by a Metal Berthelot Technique on Bacteria Solutions

“…Previously, sample liquids of Berthelot tube had undergone boiling and ultrasonic radiation to purge gases in the liquids for generation of negative pressures (Ohde, et al, 1989). In this study, it was found that the bacterial solution which had not experienced the treatments could generate the negative pressures higher than ca.…”

On the existence of negative pressure states

“…3b) can be measured directly from the wall-deformation, although this works only in thin-walled metal cells (when the sealing has been done by a soft-metal plug) [23] or in spiral-shaped glass cells (where the spiral can open and close as the pressure increase or decrease) [24]. An alternative way is the calculation of the pressure which requires the knowledge of the thermal expansions and compressibilities of the liquid and glass.…”