Cavitation in Hydraulic Turbines

Ayli, Ece

doi:10.18280/ijht.370140

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The code GB/T 19184-2003 [87] provides the position accessible to the cavitation of the bucket. Some scholars have studied cavitation in Pelton turbines [88][89][90][91][92]. They believe that most of the cavitation phenomenon can be avoided by good design, casting technology, and materials, such as cavitation-free geometry of buckets and integral casting runners [53,93].…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Sediment Erosion and Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Erosion on Pelton Turbines: A Review

Ge,

Sun,

Chu

et al. 2023

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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The Pelton turbine has been widely used to develop high-head water resources with sediments because of its advantages in life cycle costs. When a flood or monsoon season occurs, the sediment concentration in the river increases suddenly, causing severe erosion to the nozzle, needle, and runner of Pelton turbines. After decades of development, researchers have developed practical engineering experience to reduce the sediment concentration of the flow through the turbine and ensure the safety and efficiency of power generation. Research on the mechanism of sediment erosion, development of anti-erosion materials, and establishment of erosion prediction models have attracted scholarly interest in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted to determine a complete and valuable syndication erosion model. However, owing to the complexity of the flow and wear mechanisms, the influence of specific parameters of erosion and the syndication effect is still difficult to determine. Computational fluid dynamics and erosion monitoring technology have also been evaluated and applied. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the erosion of Pelton turbines, some of the latest technical methods, and possible future development directions.

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Section: Combined Effects Of Sediment Erosion and Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Erosion on Pelton Turbines: A Review

Ge,

Sun,

Chu

et al. 2023

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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“…Since the finding of the first type of hydro turbine (Francis) in 1848 [12], the erosion of hydraulic machines due to cavitation and solid particles has been challenging for engineers involved in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of HPPs. Moreover, cavitations, including tip clearance cavitation [13] and tip vortex cavitation [14], might take place in hydro turbines due to the presence of hard particles such as feldspar and quartz. This is associated with the fact that the pressure inside the hydro unit frequently drops low enough to equal the vapor pressure of water [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Failures in Hydraulic Kaplan Turbine Blades and Practical Solutions

2023

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Kaplan turbines, as one of the well-known hydraulic turbines, are generally utilized worldwide for low-head and high-flow conditions. Any failure in each of the turbine components can result in long-term downtime and high repair costs. In a particular case, if other parts are damaged due to the impact of the broken blades (e.g., the main shaft of the turbine), the whole power plant may be shut down. On the other hand, further research on the primary causes of failures in turbines can help improve the present failure evaluation methodologies in power plants. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to present the major causes of Kaplan turbine failures to prevent excessive damage to the equipment and provide practical solutions for them. In general, turbines are mainly subjected to both Internal Object Damage (IOD) and Foreign Object Damage (FOD). Accordingly, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of Kaplan turbine failures related to material and physical defects, deficiencies in design, deficits in manufacturing and assembly processes, corrosion failures, fatigue failure, cavitation wear, types of cavitation in hydro turbines, hydro-abrasive problems, and hydro-erosion problems. Eventually, the authors have attempted to discuss practical hints (e.g., nanostructured coatings) to prevent damages and improve the performance of Kaplan turbines.

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“…Cavitation is always the focus in the field of hydraulic machinery [1], as it leads to serious damages or erosion in hydraulic machinery and other components [2,3]. Sun, Ayli et al [4,5] referred to the challenges of the sustainable development of hydropower. Therefore, studies regard the cavitation erosion resistance of material as not only a concern in the cavitation field but also an important factor in the fluid field [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Cast Iron Subjected to Laser Cavitation Treatment

Luo,

2023

Metals

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Laser cavitation is a novel surface modification technology using the impact of bubble collapse and laser-induced plasma to induce plastic deformation and produce compressive residual stress on material surfaces. The effects of laser cavitation on surface properties and the cavitation erosion resistance of cast iron were studied. In this work, three-dimensional morphology and residual stress distribution of the laser cavitation area under different laser parameters was obtained, the variation regularities of the topographic range and impact depth of the affected area was discussed, and the weight loss rate of cast iron under different defocusing amounts was studied. It was found that laser cavitation can effectively improve the anti-cavitation erosion property of the cast iron surface, and the optimal value was reached when the defocusing amount was H = 1 mm. Combined with the various defocusing amounts and the variation trend of the weight loss rate of cavitation erosion, the cavitation erosion time corresponding to each stage of the cast iron (incubation, rise, decay, and stability) was obtained.

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Cavitation in Hydraulic Turbines

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Sediment Erosion on Pelton Turbines: A Review

Sediment Erosion on Pelton Turbines: A Review

Common Failures in Hydraulic Kaplan Turbine Blades and Practical Solutions

Surface Properties and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Cast Iron Subjected to Laser Cavitation Treatment

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