Cavity-nesting bee communities in areas with different levels of vegetation disturbance

Surveys of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) community in a Neotropical savanna using pan traps

“…Habitat complexity was scored using the visual method proposed by Coops & Catling (1997). This method has often been used to measure and predict the effect of habitat complexity on terrestrial arthropod assemblies, including bees (Lassau & Hochuli, 2004, 2005Antonini et al, 2016;Lourenço et al, 2020). We used scores of 0 (low cover/content) to 3 (high cover/content) for each of the following criteria: % of tree canopy cover, % of shrub cover, % of ground herbage cover, % covered by logs, rocks, debris, etc., and moisture in the soil (Coops & Catling, 1997; for more details on the parameters used, see Table S2).…”

“…Habitat structure and complexity can affect the diversity and composition of terrestrial arthropod fauna (Lassau & Hochuli, 2004, 2005. Cavity-nesting bee population and orchid bee species richness responded positively to habitat complexity (Antonini et al, 2016;Lourenço et al, 2020).…”

Vitellogenin of the solitary bees Centris tarsata and Centris analis (Hymenoptera: Apidae): cDNA structural analysis and gene expression

“…They are economically significant in pollinator-dependent crops, and the best solitary species candidates for pollination programs in Brazil since they are widely distributed, relatively constant, and abundant in most cavity-nesting bee studies (Garófalo et al 2004(Garófalo et al , 2012. In fact, trap-nests occupied by these species in the Neotropics are very common, and after the eggs are laid, immatures can be developed in the laboratory (Garófalo et al 2004(Garófalo et al , 2012Araújo et al 2016;Lourenço et al 2020). Molecular studies have indicated that Centris is the closest genus to the corbiculate bees (Euglossini, Meliponini, Bombini, and Apini), where eusociality evolved (Martins et al 2014).…”

“…The objectives of this work were to (1) characterize Vg sequence and expression in C. tarsata and C. analis , (2) investigate similarities of Vg structure and expression in solitary and social bees, (3) determine whether males (sexes) and ovaries (tissues) express vg , and (4) determine whether age and mating influences on vg expression profiles on adult females (in newly emerged bees and foundress). Araújo et al 2016;Lourenço et al 2020; description of the cardboard tubes of 5.5 cm length for C. analis in Alonso et al 2012). Using this methodology, about 10 nests/year is occupied by C. tarsata (Araújo et al 2016;Lourenço et al 2020) and 12 nests/year by C. analis (Alonso et al 2012) in the same areas we sampled, and the number can vary depending on the year.…”

“…Araújo et al 2016;Lourenço et al 2020; description of the cardboard tubes of 5.5 cm length for C. analis in Alonso et al 2012). Using this methodology, about 10 nests/year is occupied by C. tarsata (Araújo et al 2016;Lourenço et al 2020) and 12 nests/year by C. analis (Alonso et al 2012) in the same areas we sampled, and the number can vary depending on the year. The number of individuals per nest ranged from 2 to 5 for C. tarsata , and from 2 to 3 for C. analis (Figure S1).…”