Cavity nucleation and growth in a 1%Cr−0.5%Mo steel

Myers, Martin R.; Pilkington, R.; Needham, N. G.

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(87)90500-3

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, creep cavity measurements were only carried out on smooth creep specimens, for which the stress state is uniaxial and uniform. Other authors like Myers et al (1987), who performed cavity measurements on both smooth and notched specimens (i.e. multiaxial strain state), and McLean (1981), concluded in favour of a stress dependence of cavity nucleation.…”

Section: Model For the Damaged Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Creep failure model of a tempered martensitic stainless steel integrating multiple deformation and damage mechanisms

2005

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International audienceA new model considering both deformation and damage evolution under multiple viscoplastic mechanisms is used to represent high temperature creep deformation and damage of a martensitic stainless steel in a wide range of load levels. First, an experimental database is built to characterise both creep flow and damage behaviour using tests on various kinds of specimens. The parameters of the model are fitted to the results and to literature data for long term creep exposure. An attempt is made to use the model to predict creep time to failure up to 105 h

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Section: Model For the Damaged Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Referring to McLean (1981) and Myers (1987), the dependence of the nucleation rate on stress triaxiality, i.e. α vp and α d in Equation (14), were set to 2.0.…”

Section: Damage Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep failure model of a tempered martensitic stainless steel integrating multiple deformation and damage mechanisms

2005

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High temperature creep damage in steels and superalloys

Hiraga

Lombard

Vehoff³

et al. 1993

Steel Research

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The nucleation and growth of cavities was examined in steel bicrystals (Fe‐3%‐Si, X 8 CrNiNb 16 13) and in the ODS superalloy Inconel MA 754 (Inconel MA 754 (78% Ni; 20% Cr; 0.5% Ti; 0.3% Al; 0.6% Y2O3). Cavity density distributions were measured on metallographic sections and on cleaved grain boundaries as a function of time, strain, temperature and stress. Nucleation and growth laws were obtained by evaluating the distributions with appropriate models. For the fcc and bcc bicrystals, it was found that cavities nucleated continuously at sulfide and carbide particles during creep. They grew by grain boundary diffusion. But the growth rate was delayed with increasing creep strain due to cavities which nucleated in the surroundings of existing cavities. For the ODS alloy, however, many round cavities preexisted on quasi‐boundaries consisting of the aggregate of coarse oxide and carbide particles. They grew initially by diffusion, but with increasing creep time (cavity size), the growth mechanism switched from growth controlled by grain boundary diffusion to growth controlled by power law creep. Implications for life predictions are discussed.

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Understanding the Phenomenon of High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) Responsible for Ferrito-Pearlitic Steels Damage

Chevreux,

Flament,

Gillia

et al. 2024

High Temperature Corrosion of mater.

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This article focuses on the fine characterization of steels commonly used in the petrochemical industry damaged by the phenomenon of high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA). The study was conducted in two steps. To begin with, a damaged 0.5-Mo pearlitic steel from the petroleum refineries, submitted to HTHA for decades, was characterized in detail using multiscale electron microscopy techniques. As part of an upstream study to better understand the onset and the growth of cavities, a brand new SA516 grade 60 low carbon–manganese steel was subsequently exposed to accelerated HTHA conditions through interrupted cycles carried out in autoclaves and then examined. Numerous cavities, plausibly filled with methane, were noticed in both materials. These cavities were mostly located at ferrite–pearlite grain boundaries along carbides and at triple grain boundaries near large carbides. The 0.5-Mo pearlitic steel showed cavities reaching significant sizes, up to 1 µm, but surprisingly no cracks were observed in the depth of the pipe. The major outcome is that 3D focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses unveiled different natures of precipitates as well as in and nearby HTHA cavities for both 0.5-Mo and low carbon–manganese steels. Inclusions, likely AlN, but also Mo- and Cu-rich precipitates were observed in cavities of the industrial steel. These results confirmed a previous study performed on a similar industrial steel that drew a possible correlation between cavities nucleation and the intersection of transgranular inclusion-enriched plane with a grain boundary or carbides in pearlite grains (Flament in Microscopy and Microanalysis 28:1602–1604, 2022).

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Cavity nucleation and growth in a 1%Cr−0.5%Mo steel

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Creep failure model of a tempered martensitic stainless steel integrating multiple deformation and damage mechanisms

Creep failure model of a tempered martensitic stainless steel integrating multiple deformation and damage mechanisms

High temperature creep damage in steels and superalloys

Understanding the Phenomenon of High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) Responsible for Ferrito-Pearlitic Steels Damage

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