CBM-CFS3: A model of carbon-dynamics in forestry and land-use change implementing IPCC standards

Kurz, Werner A.; Dymond, Caren C.; White, Thomas; Stinson, G.; Shaw, Cindy; Rampley, G. J.; Smyth, Calvin M.; Simpson, Brian N.; Neilson, E. T.; Trofymow, J. A.; Metsaranta, Juha M.; Apps, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.10.018

Cited by 455 publications

(536 citation statements)

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“…Per IPCC Guidelines (IPCC, 2006), only "managed" forest lands are considered in the inventories, which excludes a large area of forest primarily in the boreal zone (i.e., the northern extent of Canada's forested area as well as interior Alaska). The Canada forest inventory uses the "gain-loss" methodology, which starts with data from a compiled set of inventories of forest carbon pools, which are then modeled forward based on the components of change, including growth, soil C respiration, natural disturbance and forest harvest (Kurz et al, 2009;Stinson et al, 2011). For the USA, forest carbon stock and stock change estimates are based on the "stock change" methodology using repeated measurements in a design-based forest inventory (Bechtold and Patterson, 2005;Smith et al, 2013;USDA Forest Service, 2013).…”

Section: Inventory-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Scientific understanding of the global carbon cycle is required for developing national and international policy to mitigate fossil fuel CO 2 emissions by managing terrestrial carbon uptake. Toward that understanding and as a contribution to the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project, this paper provides a synthesis of net land-atmosphere CO 2 exchange for North America (Canada, United States, and Mexico) over the period [1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. Only CO 2 is considered, not methane or other greenhouse gases. This synthesis is based on results from three different methods: atmospheric inversion, inventory-based methods and terrestrial biosphere modeling. All methods indicate that the North American land surface was a sink for atmospheric CO 2 , with a net transfer from atmosphere to land. Estimates ranged from −890 to −280 Tg C yr −1 , where the mean of atmospheric inversion estimates forms the lower bound of that range (a larger land sink) and the inventory-based estimate using the production approach the upper (a smaller land sink). This relatively large range is due in part to differences in how the approaches represent trade, fire and other disturbances and which ecosystems they include. Integrating across estimates, "best" estimates (i.e., measures of central tendency) are −472 ± 281 Tg C yr −1 based on the mean and standard deviation of the distribution and −360 Tg C yr −1 (with an interquartile range of −496 to −337) based on the median. Considering both the fossil fuel emissions source and the land sink, our analysis shows that North America was, however, a net contributor to the growth of CO 2 in the atmosphere in the late 20th and early 21st century. With North America's mean annual fossil fuel CO 2 emissions for the period 1990-2009 equal to 1720 Tg C yr −1 and assuming the estimate of −472 Tg C yr −1 as an approximation of the true terrestrial CO 2 sink, the continent's source : sink ratio for this time period was 1720 : 472, or nearly 4 : 1.

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Section: Inventory-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

et al. 2015

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“…Em razão de sua praticidade, o fator de conversão de 0,5 tem sido amplamente empregado na estimativa das concentrações e estoque de carbono na biomassa acima do solo em florestas tropicais (CHAVE et al, 2008;LEWIS et al, 2009;PYLE et al, 2008;SAATCHI et al, 2011), em florestas temperadas (FANG et al, 2001;KAUPPI et al, 1995;KURZ et al, 2009), sistemas agroflorestais (SOTO-PINTO et al, 2010) e povoamentos florestais (BEETS et al, 2011;REDONDO-BRENES et al, 2006). Entretanto, estudos indicam que a aplicação desse fator de conversão implica em erros grosseiros na estimativa dos estoques de carbono na biomassa florestal (MARTIN;THOMAS, 2011;MELSON et al, 2011;SANER et al, 2012;MALCZEWSKI, 2007), pondo em risco a credibilidade dos resultados gerados por meio desse artifício.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Teores de carbono em espécies da floresta ombrófila mista e efeito do grupo ecológico

Watzlawick

Martins²,

Rodrigues

et al. 2014

CERNE

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Teores de carbono em espécies da FloresTa ombróFila misTa e eFeiTo do grupo ecológico resumo: O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Boa Ventura do São Roque, PR, com o objetivo de avaliar os teores de carbono nos compartimentos das árvores de 12 espécies arbóreas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana; testar a eficácia do fator de conversão de 0,5 na estimativa do carbono nas espécies, e avaliar a influência do grupo ecológico das espécies quanto aos teores de carbono. Teores de carbono médio foram obtidos, a partir dos compartimentos das árvores e comparados entre si, entre as espécies e com o fator de conversão, visando a avaliar as diferenças interespecíficas e de eficácia do fator. Para analisar a influência dos grupos ecológicos sobre os teores de carbono, procedeu-se com a análise de agrupamentos. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os teores de carbono encontrados para os diferentes compartimentos das árvores. Entretanto, considerando os teores das 12 espécies avaliadas, Luehea divaricata, Albizia polycephala e Cestrum sp. foram, estatisticamente, diferentes das demais, apresentando concentrações menores. Constatou-se que o fator de conversão de 0,5 superestima os teores de carbono nas árvores a uma média de 14,27%. Não houve correlação entre o grupo ecológico das espécies e seus teores de carbono, considerando que houve a formação de agrupamentos por semelhança nos teores, representados por espécies de diversas fases sucessionais. carbon concenTraTion in species oF THe araucaria ForesT and eFFecT oF THe ecological groupabsTracT: This study was conducted in Boa Ventura do São Roque, Paraná State, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the carbon concentration in components of 12 arboreal species from the Araucaria Forest, as well as the performance of the 0.5 conversion factor and the influence of trees ecological groups in their carbon concentration. Carbon concentration averages were obtained from the tree components, and compared among them, among the species and the conversion factor, to assess the interspecific differences and the reliability of the conversion factor. To analyze the influence of ecological groups over the carbon concentration of the species, cluster analyzes were performed. It was not found significant difference among the carbon concentration in the components of the trees. However, comparing the 12 species, Luehea divaricata, Albizia polycephala and Cestrum sp. differed significantly, presenting lower carbon concentration. Comparison between carbon concentration average of the species and the 0.5 conversion factor indicated that the latter overestimates the carbon concentration in the trees at an average rate of 14.27%. No correlation was found between the ecological groups of the species and their carbon concentration, since groups were formed by species with distinct ecological traits.

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“…Since observed data for dead organic matter C from the past does not exist, the dead organic matter C stocks in the 5th NFI data were used to validate the estimates. The estimates of C stocks in soil layers (belowground humus + soil organic C) were multiplied by 0.6 (Lee et al, 2009) for comparison with the observed data, which was sampled at 0-30 cm depths. The estimates of other dead organic matter values, excluding dead woods (aboveground woody debris from stem, belowground woody debris, and belowground litter; data are unavailable in the 5th NFI), were added to those of soil C for validation.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the carbon dynamics of South Korean forests from 1954 to 2012

et al. 2014

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Abstract.Forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, and the South Korean forests also contribute to this global C cycle. While the South Korean forest ecosystem was almost completely destroyed by exploitation and the Korean War, it has successfully recovered because of nationalscale reforestation programs since 1973. There have been several studies on the estimation of C stocks and balances over the past decades in the South Korean forests. However, a retrospective long-term study that includes biomass and dead organic matter C and validates dead organic matter C is still lacking. Accordingly, we estimated the C stocks and their changes of both biomass and dead organic matter C during the 1954-2012 period using a process-based model, the Korean Forest Soil Carbon model, and the 5th South Korean national forest inventory (NFI) report. Validation processes were also conducted based on the 5th NFI and statistical data. Simulation results showed that the biomass C stocks increased from 36.4 to 440.4 Tg C at a rate of 7.0 Tg C yr −1 during the period 1954-2012. The dead organic matter C stocks increased from 386.0 to 463.1 Tg C at a rate of 1.3 Tg C yr −1 during the same period. The estimates of biomass and dead organic matter C stocks agreed well with observed C stock data. The annual net biome production (NBP) during the period 1954-2012 was 141.3 g C m −2 yr −1 , which increased from −8.8 g C m −2 yr −1 in 1955 to 436.6 g C m −2 yr −1 in 2012. Because of the small forested area, the South Korean forests had a comparatively lower contribution to the annual C sequestration by global forests. In contrast, because of the extensive reforestation programs, the NBP of South Korean forests was much higher than those of other countries. Our results could provide the forest C dynamics in South Korean forests before and after the onset of reforestation programs.

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CBM-CFS3: A model of carbon-dynamics in forestry and land-use change implementing IPCC standards

Cited by 455 publications

References 53 publications

North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

Teores de carbono em espécies da floresta ombrófila mista e efeito do grupo ecológico

Estimating the carbon dynamics of South Korean forests from 1954 to 2012

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CBM-CFS3: A model of carbon-dynamics in forestry and land-use change implementing IPCC standards

Cited by 455 publications

References 53 publications

North America's net terrestrial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

North America's net terrestrial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

Teores de carbono em espécies da floresta ombrófila mista e efeito do grupo ecológico

Estimating the carbon dynamics of South Korean forests from 1954 to 2012

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Product

Resources

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North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009

North America's net terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> exchange with the atmosphere 1990–2009