CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat area

Haugen, Hans Aksel; Aagaard, Per; Thyberg, B.; Kjärstad, Jan; Langlet, David; Melaaen, Morten C.; Liljemark, Stefan; Bergmo, Per Eirik Strand; Skagestad, Ragnhild; Mathisen, Anette; Jarsve, Erlend M.; Faleide, Jan Inge; Bjørnsen, Dag

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.123

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Besides the CO 2 entry from the atmosphere, leakage of CO 2 from sub-seabed carbon capture storage (CCS) sites may represent another potential anthropogenic source for local hypercapnia which could severely impact benthic biota [30,31]. CO 2 induced reductions in seawater pH were shown to alter growth and development in early life stages of several marine invertebrate taxa, including echinoderms [32], crustaceans [33] and molluscs [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of elevated seawater CO 2 partial pressure on marine organisms have recently moved into the focus of interest due to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations which is expected to decrease the ocean surface pH by 0.5 units by the year 2100 and by 0.8 to 1.4 pH units by the year 2300 [ 28 , 29 ]. Besides the CO 2 entry from the atmosphere, leakage of CO 2 from sub-seabed carbon capture storage (CCS) sites may represent another potential anthropogenic source for local hypercapnia which could severely impact benthic biota [ 30 , 31 ]. CO 2 induced reductions in seawater pH were shown to alter growth and development in early life stages of several marine invertebrate taxa, including echinoderms [ 32 ], crustaceans [ 33 ] and molluscs [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development in a naturally acidified environment: Na+/H+-exchanger 3-based proton secretion leads to CO2 tolerance in cephalopod embryos

Lee

et al. 2013

Front Zool

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BackgroundRegulation of pH homeostasis is a central feature of all animals to cope with acid–base disturbances caused by respiratory CO2. Although a large body of knowledge is available for vertebrate and mammalian pH regulatory systems, the mechanisms of pH regulation in marine invertebrates remain largely unexplored.ResultsWe used squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana), which are known as powerful acid–base regulators to investigate the pH regulatory machinery with a special focus on proton secretion pathways during environmental hypercapnia. We cloned a Rhesus protein (slRhP), V-type H+-ATPase (slVHA) and the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (slNHE3) from S. lessoniana, which are hypothesized to represent key players in proton secretion pathways among different animal taxa. Specifically designed antibodies for S. lessoniana demonstrated the sub-cellular localization of NKA, VHA (basolateral) and NHE3 (apical) in epidermal ionocytes of early life stages. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that slNHE3, slVHA and slRhP are up regulated in response to environmental hypercapnia (pH 7.31; 0.46 kPa pCO2) in body and yolk tissues compared to control conditions (pH 8.1; 0.045 kPa pCO2). This observation is supported by H+ selective electrode measurements, which detected increased proton gradients in CO2 treated embryos. This compensatory proton secretion is EIPA sensitive and thus confirms the central role of NHE based proton secretion in cephalopods.ConclusionThe present work shows that in convergence to teleosts and mammalian pH regulatory systems, cephalopod early life stages have evolved a unique acid–base regulatory machinery located in epidermal ionocytes. Using cephalopod molluscs as an invertebrate model this work provides important insights regarding the unifying evolutionary principles of pH regulation in different animal taxa that enables them to cope with CO2 induced acid–base disturbances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development in a naturally acidified environment: Na+/H+-exchanger 3-based proton secretion leads to CO2 tolerance in cephalopod embryos

Lee

et al. 2013

Front Zool

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“…In this context, carbon capture storage (CCS) has been discussed as a potent technique to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere to be stored in sub-seabed sediments (Haugen and Eide, 1996). For example, the Skagerrak and Kattegat region is debated as a suitable area for CCS (Haugen et al, 2011). However, the potential risks of seepage of pure CO 2 may represent an enormous local challenge to benthic and infaunal organisms as a result of strong local pH fluctuations (IPCC, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and regeneration impaired by seawater acidification in the infaunal brittlestar,Amphiura filiformis

Casties

Stumpp

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Seawater acidification due to anthropogenic release of CO 2 as well as the potential leakage of pure CO 2 from sub-seabed carbon capture storage (CCS) sites may impose a serious threat to marine organisms. Although infaunal organisms can be expected to be particularly impacted by decreases in seawater pH, as a result of naturally acidified conditions in benthic habitats, information regarding physiological and behavioral responses is still scarce. Determination of P O2 and P CO2 gradients within burrows of the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis during environmental hypercapnia demonstrated that besides hypoxic conditions, increases of environmental P CO2 are additive to the already high P CO2 (up to 0.08 kPa) within the burrows. In response to up to 4 weeks exposure to pH 7.3 (0.3 kPa P CO2 ) and pH 7.0 (0.6 kPa P CO2 ), metabolic rates of A. filiformis were significantly reduced in pH 7.0 treatments, accompanied by increased ammonium excretion rates. Gene expression analyses demonstrated significant reductions of acid-base (NBCe and AQP9) and metabolic (G6PDH, LDH) genes. Determination of extracellular acid-base status indicated an uncompensated acidosis in CO 2 -treated animals, which could explain the depressed metabolic rates. Metabolic depression is associated with a retraction of filter feeding arms into sediment burrows. Regeneration of lost arm tissues following traumatic amputation is associated with significant increases in metabolic rate, and hypercapnic conditions (pH 7.0, 0.6 kPa) dramatically reduce the metabolic scope for regeneration, reflected in an 80% reduction in regeneration rate. Thus, the present work demonstrates that elevated seawater P CO2 significantly affects the environment and the physiology of infaunal organisms like A. filiformis.

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Resource allocation and extracellular acid–base status in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in response to CO2 induced seawater acidification

et al. 2012

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CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat area

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Development in a naturally acidified environment: Na+/H+-exchanger 3-based proton secretion leads to CO2 tolerance in cephalopod embryos

Development in a naturally acidified environment: Na+/H+-exchanger 3-based proton secretion leads to CO2 tolerance in cephalopod embryos

Energy metabolism and regeneration impaired by seawater acidification in the infaunal brittlestar,Amphiura filiformis

Resource allocation and extracellular acid–base status in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in response to CO2 induced seawater acidification

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