Cd-Stress on Nitrogen Assimilation

Boussama, N.; Ouariti, Omar; Suzuki, Akira; Ghorbal, Mohamed Habib

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(99)80110-2

Cited by 114 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gautam et al (2008) observed that nitrate reductase enzyme is much more sensitive to heavy metal pollution than other components of nitrate assimilation such as protein and organic nitrogen content. The inhibition of nitrate reductase activity by heavy metals has already been reported in bean and other plant species by several authors (Mathys 1975;Chugh et al 1992;Quariti et al 1997;Boussama et al 1999). The reduction in water uptake in the presence of heavy metals is likely to result in a decrease of nitrate concentration in the xylem flux which depends on the transpiration rate (Barthes et al 1996) and therefore, a decrease of the cytosolic nitrate concentration in both root and leaf cells.…”

Section: Nitrogen Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Biochemical changes and adaptive strategies of plants under heavy metal stress

2011

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Heavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental pollutants when they are present in high concentration in soil and show potential toxic effects on growth and development in plants. Due to unabated, indiscriminate and uncontrolled discharge of hazardous chemicals including heavy metals into the environment, plant continuously have to face various environmental constraints. In plants, seed germination is the first exchange interface with the surrounding medium and has been considered as highly sensitive to environmental changes. One of the crucial events during seed germination entails mobilization of seed reserves which is indispensable for the growth of embryonic axis. But, metabolic alterations by heavy metal exposure are known to depress the mobilization and utilization of reserve food by affecting the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. Some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals by which they manage to survive under metal stress. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increase planned internal sequestration which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. Such mechanism involves the binding of heavy metals to cell wall, immobilization, exclusion of the plasma membrane, efflux of these toxic metal ions, reduction of heavy metal transport, compartmentalization and metal chelation by tonoplast located transporters and expression of more general stress response mechanisms such as stress proteins. It is important to understand the toxicity response of plant to heavy metals so that we can utilize appropriate plant species in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Therefore, in the present review attempts have been made to evaluate the effects of increasing level of heavy metal in soils on the key behavior of hydrolytic and nitrogen assimilation enzymes. Additionally, it also provides a broad overview of the strategies adopted by plants against heavy metal stress.

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Section: Nitrogen Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Biochemical changes and adaptive strategies of plants under heavy metal stress

2011

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“…27,28 The effect of Cd on nitrate and S assimilation has been studied in several plants showing an inhibition of the nitrate uptake rate and the activity of the enzymes involved in the N assimilation pathway. 11,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Alternatively, Cd-caused induction of enzymes of S assimilation pathway has been reported in many plants. 19,36,37 Therefore, the regulation of S assimilation may be necessary to ensure an adequate supply of S compounds required for heavy metal tolerance.…”

Section: Cadmium Stress Tolerance In Crop Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium stress tolerance in crop plants

Gill

Tuteja

2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

345

137

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“…Cd is easily translocated from plant roots to stems and leaves (Yang et al, 1998), and interfere with physiological processes, resulting in declined productivity (Florijn & Van Beusichem, 1993) and harness photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, plant growth and induce oxidative stress (Zhou & Huang, 2001;Yi and Ching, 2003;Zhou et al, 2003). Cd stress leads to protein degradation through amino acid metabolism resulting in decreased plant growth (Rai & Raizada, 1988) and inhibits the activity of enzymes such as nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase is reported by Boussama et al (1999aBoussama et al ( , 1999b. Previous reports indicated that Cd can cause significant reduction in the germination rate in Triticum and Cucumis (Munzuroglu & Geckil, 2002) or inhibit germination and the growth of Arabidopsis embryos .…”

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confidence: 99%