CD105 expression in oral capillary hemangiomas and cavernous hemangiomas

Abstract

Capillary hemangioma (capillary lobular hemangioma) and cavernous hemangioma (venous malformation) are relatively common oral tumors/ malformations and are characterized by increased numbers of normal and abnormal blood vessels. However, the causes of these lesions are not well understood. CD105 (endoglin) is predominantly expressed in proliferating blood endothelial cells (ECs). We analyzed expressions of CD105, CD34, von Willebrand factor, Ki-67, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in 31 capillary hemangiomas and 34 cavernous hemangiomas. Staining scores were calculated as the product of the proportion score and intensity score. Morphologically normal oral mucosa specimens (n = 10) were simultaneously evaluated as normal controls. As compared with cavernous hemangiomas and normal controls, capillary hemangiomas had higher staining scores for CD105, VEGF-A, and COX-2. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in capillary hemangiomas than in cavernous hemangiomas and normal controls (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the biological characteristics of capillary and cavernous hemangiomas are quite different. The ECs of capillary hemangiomas actively proliferated and were generally regulated by VEGF-A. In contrast, the ECs of cavernous hemangiomas lacked proliferative activity. These results suggest that angiogenesis and vasodilatation of pre-existing blood vessels are important in the development of capillary hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma, respectively. (J Oral Sci 57, 45-53, 2015)

Hemangioma in the lower labial vestibule of an eleven-year-old girl: A case report

“…Capillary hemangioma is a common lesion, but it rarely occurs in the oral cavity. According to Matsumoto et al [ 7 ], 45.2% of capillary hemangiomas occur on buccal mucosa, 35.5% on the tongue, and only a small percentage occur in the lip, gingiva and palate. Capillary hemangiomas are firm in consistency and have a limited history of symptoms.…”

Management of the oral hemangiomas in infants and children: Scoping review

“…Recently, diverse biological positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis have been identified for every HEM biological evolutional phase (e.g. CD31, the von Willebrand factor, the basic fibroblast growth factor or BFGF, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and the vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF); it is believed that the imbalance of these regulators influences the lesion's pattern of growth (23,25,40). Oral HEMs may be associated with other craniofacial conditions, such as anterior open bite, salivary leakage, or diverse facial unacceptable deformations, as well as chewing and speaking disabilities (24).…”

“…Currently available treatment modalities. A total of nine experimental and observational/longitudinal studies were detected in this scoping review dealing with the treatment (surgical or pharmacological) and follow-up of oral and maxillofacial hemangiomas in pediatric patients (14,15,22,23,25,(40)(41)(42)(43). Although it has been reported that around 50% of HEMs regress spontaneously with no permanent damages -thus no treatment is required-, it is plenty justified a close observation of all the lesions (22).…”

“…Other non-surgical therapies that have been advocated are the endovascular sclerosing agents, such as 5% ethanolamine oleate, for the relief of HEM symptoms or as a good preparation for further surgery (23,44); the interferon alfa-2a, indicated for the treatment of lifethreatening or corticoid-resistant HEM, however irreversible spastic diplegia has been reported with its use; and laser applications, which have been successfully employed for both superficial and deep HEMs (22,45). More recently, bleomycin, beta-adrenergic blockers, polidocanol, and oral propranolol have been introduced, with results so far very promising in terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety in children (25,29,40,42,43). Embolization, cryotherapy, radiations, and chemotherapy (e.g.…”

Management of Capillary Hemangioma In The Oral Cavity of A Pregnant Patient: A Rare Case Report

“…11 Recently other treatment modalities are also developed which includes steroid therapy, electrosurgery, Nd: YAG laser, CO 2 laser, diode laser, cryosurgery and use of sclerosing agents. 12 Surgical management shouldbe executed with caution taking into consideration the possibility of bleeding intraoperatively and post-operatively.…”