CD14brightCD16+ intermediate monocytes are induced by interleukin-10 and positively correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

BackgroundThree different subsets of circulating human monocytes, CD14brightCD16- (classical), CD14brightCD16+ (intermediate), and CD14dimCD16+ (non-classical) have been recently identified. It has been reported that CD14brightCD16+ monocytes are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the role of each monocyte subset in the pathogenesis of RA is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CD14brightCD16+ monocytes with RA.MethodsThe study enrolled 35 patients with RA and 14 healthy volunteers. The three subsets of peripheral blood monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines were measured at baseline in patients with RA and in healthy volunteers. CD14brightCD16- monocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro with different cytokines for 14 hours, and CD16 induction was assessed.ResultsThe proportion of CD14brightCD16+ monocytes, and serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were increased in patients with RA compared to healthy controls. The proportion of CD14brightCD16+ monocytes correlated with the disease activity of RA positively, whereas the proportion of CD14brightCD16- monocytes correlated negatively. When isolated CD14brightCD16- monocytes were stimulated with IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, the only cytokine that significantly induced CD16 expression on the cells was IL-10.ConclusionsThe proportion of CD16brightCD14+ monocytes was positively correlated with RA disease activity. The expression of CD16 in monocytes was induced by IL-10 but not IL-6, and IL-8 was enhanced in the sera of patients with RA. Our results suggest that CD16brightCD14+ monocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of RA and that IL-10 is a key cytokine that regulates CD16 expression in monocytes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1216-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

TLR expression in peripheral monocyte subsets of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: association with clinical and immunological features

“…Besides, a higher percentage of CD16+ intermediate and non-classical monocytes with a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been described in patients with MS [34], neuromyelitis optica [36], RA [18], SLE [37], ANCA-vasculitis [38], sarcoidosis [39], IgA nephropathy [40], JIA with enthesitis [35], type 1 diabetes mellitus [41], thromboembolism [42], atherosclerosis and stroke [43] which is according to our results. Also, we found that the absolute number of classical monocytes inversely correlated with the disease activity (MYOACT and MITAX), which is according with previous data in patients with RA, where there is a higher percentage of intermediate monocytes during disease activity and a higher proportion of classical monocytes during remission [44]. Our data confirm that a differential proportion of monocytes is found in subjects with autoimmune pathologies, according to disease activity.…”

Expression of CD163 and HLA-DR molecules on the monocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients

“…The differences relate to, among others, the degree of expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and CD1d, which determine their ability to present antigens [8]. Furthermore, the CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate monocytes have a high expression of CD163 molecule [14] that inhibits activation and proliferation of T cells [27]. It is also a specific marker of monocytes/macrophages exhibiting strong anti-inflammatory properties [28].…”

Mapping mononuclear phagocytes in blood, lungs, and lymph nodes of sarcoidosis patients

“…All monocytes can secrete proinflammatory cytokines but classical and intermediate monocytes are the most potent producers, while non‐classical monocytes mainly perform immunosurveillance in blood and tissues . Intermediate monocytes are expanded in the circulation of patients with infections, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases including sarcoidosis . However, respiratory monocytes are less studied and it remains to be elucidated if intermediate monocytes also expand in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients and whether monocytes and DCs contribute to cytokine‐mediated granuloma formation similar to AMs .…”

“…9 Intermediate monocytes are expanded in the circulation of patients with infections, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases including sarcoidosis. [10][11][12] However, respiratory monocytes are less studied and it remains to be elucidated if intermediate monocytes also expand in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients and whether monocytes and DCs contribute to cytokine-mediated granuloma formation similar to AMs. 13 DCs, in particular CD1c + MDCs, potently present antigen to and activate CD4 T cells that drive disease, 14,15 while CD141 + MDCs are superior at cross-presentation to CD8 T cells.…”