CD163 and CCR7 as markers for macrophage polarisation in lung cancer microenvironment

Abstract

Introduction: M2 macrophages are predominant in the immune infiltrates of resected tumours, but little is known about macrophage phenotype in the local lung cancer environment, which may be evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Aim of the study: To find differences between BALF from lung affected by cancer (clBALF) and hlBALF from the opposite, healthy lung, as a control, from the same patient, regarding their individual macrophage polarization and their correlation with IL-10 and TGF-β. Material and methods: Eighteen patients with confirmed lung cancer were investigated. Macrophage subtyping was performed by immunofluorescence with antibodies anti-CCR7 and CD163 (M1 and M2, respectively). Results: We found five populations of macrophages: cells with a single reaction: only for CCR7+ or CD163+, a double reaction (CCR7+CD163+), cells with a stronger CD163 (CCR7 low CD163+), and cells with a stronger CCR7 (CCR7+CD163 low). The main population in the clBALF was composed of cells with a phenotype similar to M2 (CCR7 low CD163+), while in the hlBALF the predominating phenotype was the one similar to M1 (CCR7+CD163 low). The median proportion of TGF-β1 concentration was higher in the clBALF and hlBALF supernatant than in the serum. Conclusions: In this study we confirmed the usefulness of the immunofluorescence method with CCR7 and CD163 in the evaluation of BALF macrophage polarization in lung cancer.

Changes in Cell Vitality, Phenotype, and Function of Dromedary Camel Leukocytes After Whole Blood Exposure to Heat Stress in vitro

“…The cell surface molecules CD163 and MHC class II molecules are characteristic for the phenotype of monocytes and monocytederived macrophages (26,27). In blood incubated under normal temperature, the continuous decrease in CD163 expression together with the increase in MHC class II molecules on monocytes indicates the early differentiation of camel monocytes toward macrophages with a classical M1 phenotype.…”

“…The expression of the cell markers CD163 and major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules are considered as markers for the functional subtype of monocytes during their differentiation into macrophages (22)(23)(24)(25). CD163 is a scavenger receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes that is mainly expressed on monocytes and macrophages and is considered as a marker for anti-inflammatory functional subtype (M2) of these cells (26,27). In contrast, the antigen-presenting receptors MHC class II molecules are markers for inflammatory monocytes and macrophages (M1) (16,28).…”

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Breast, Colorectal, Lung, Ovarian and Prostate Cancers

“…The significant accumulation of CD163+ TAMs in malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer patients closely correlated with reduced PFS (173). CD163+ macrophages were the predominant macrophage subpopulation detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from lung cancer patients (174,175). However, no significant correlation of CD163+ macrophages in BALF with clinical and pathological parameters was found, indicating prognostic role of CD163+ TAMs in tumor tissue, but not in BALF.…”

Race as a Contributor to Stromal Modulation of Tumor Progression

“…For example, higher expressions of metastasis associated genes such as Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor (AMFR), CXCR4, C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7), and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were found in the TME of AA patients compared to EA [ 22 ]. These gene products are known to be involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways by mobilization and polarization of macrophages in the TME [ 60 ]. In another study, Kinseth et al, using laser capture microdissection of PCa specimens, identified 677 genes that were differentially expressed in the PCa stroma between AA and EA men with localized disease [ 51 ].…”