CD204-Expressing Tumor-Associated Macrophages Are Associated With Malignant, High-Grade, and Hormone Receptor–Negative Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of leukocyte infiltration in tumors. TAMs can be classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes. In the present study, the expression of CD204, an M2-polarized macrophage receptor, was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the area surrounding TAMs in 101 cases of canine mammary gland tumor (CMT). We examined the relationship between M2-polarized TAMs and malignancy, histological subtype, histological grade, molecular subtype, hormone receptor (HR) status, and clinical obesity indices. The mean number of CD204-positive macrophages was significantly higher in malignant CMTs than in benign CMTs ( P = .000). The number of CD204-positive macrophages differed significantly between histological grades ( P = .000) and were significantly higher in grade III than in grades I and II. Moreover, the mean number of CD204-positive macrophages was significantly higher in HR-negative malignant CMTs than in HR-positive malignant CMTs ( P = .035) and in malignant CMTs with lymphatic invasion compared to malignant CMTs without lymphatic invasion ( P = .000). These findings suggest that CD204-positive macrophages might affect the development and behavior of CMTs and highlight the potential of CD204 as a prognostic factor.

Whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing of canine mammary gland tumors

“…Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine mammary tumor samples (except osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and poorly fixed tissues) underwent detection of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by IHC with primary antibodies for ER (Biogenex, San Ramon, CA, USA) and HER2 (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Immunohistochemistry was performed as described in the previous publication 20 . Adjacent normal mammary gland or mammary hyperplasia were used as positive controls for ER antibody.…”

Clinical and transcriptional signatures of human CD204 reveal an applicable marker for the protumor phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer

“…Studies have also displayed that co-culturing of macrophages with murine ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells upregulates macrophage CD204 expression, and TAMs of a high CD204 expression level have the ability to promote tumor progression in vitro and in vivo [38]. A high CD204-positive TAM density in human is also associated with poor prognosis in various tumors [39–42], including breast cancer [32, 43]. In CD204-deficient mice, macrophages showed antitumor activity in EL4 lymphoma by upregulating nitric oxide and interferon-γ [44], demonstrating the important roles of CD204.…”

Inhibition of circRNA circVPS33B Reduces Warburg Effect and Tumor Growth Through Regulating the miR-873-5p/HNRNPK Axis in Infiltrative Gastric Cancer

“…IHC was performed as previously described with the antibody against HNRNPK (sc-28380). 32 Tumors volume was counted based on the following equation: Volume = (length × width 2 )/2.…”