CD4-independent infection of human peripheral blood dendritic cells with isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Three populations of cells with dendritic morphology exist in peripheral blood, only one of which is infectable with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

“…However, there are several conflicting reports in the literature with regard to infection, depletion, and dysfunction of DCs in HIV-infected individuals. HIV has been demonstrated to efficiently infect DCs in some (3)(4)(5) but not all studies (6,7). Up to 21% of DCs from HIV-infected individuals were reported to be infected by in situ hybridization analysis (8) and were found to be depleted and dysfunctional in HIV disease (4,8).…”

“…A common denominator of these techniques is a duration of in vitro culture of 1-2 days in order for cells to mature (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Certain methods of DC purification deplete T cells by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosetting and monocytes by adherence, prior to the culture period (2,6,10,11).…”

Modulation of T cell responses to recall antigens presented by Langerhans cells in HIV-discordant identical twins by anti-interleukin (IL)-10 antibodies and IL-12.

“…Because DC are targets for HIV (through binding, endocytosis, and/or infection) (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), disruption of normal DC function has been proposed as a major factor in immune dysregulation associated with HIV disease (17)(18)(19)(20). Few studies, however, have focused on the function of DC obtained from tissues of HIV-seropositive (HIV ϩ ) individuals (5,(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants and levels of infection in dendritic and T cells from symptomatic HIV-1-infected patients.

“…The first cells to encounter the virus may be DC in the mucosal tissues, and selection could act at this level. This possibility is supported since DC were more susceptible to in vitro infection with NSI macrophage-tropic strains of virus than with SI lymphotropic strains (Chehimi et al, 1993). Additionally, clade E HIV-1, prevalent in South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and associated with heterosexual transmission, infected Langerhans' cells more efficiently than clade B, the predominant virus in Europe and the United States (Soto-Ramirez et al, 1996).…”

“…DC are targets for infection and, as a consequence, antigen presentation may be impaired leading to failure to recruit naive T cells. The evidence comes from observations that DC express CD4 (Patterson et al, a, 1995O'Doherty et al, 1993 ;Ferbas et al, 1994) and chemokine receptors (Granelli-Piperno et al, 1996) and are susceptible to infection in vitro (Patterson & Knight, 1987 ;Patterson et al, 1991 b ;Langhoff et al, 1991 ;Chehimi et al, 1993 ;Ludewig et al, 1995). Furthermore, studies on cells from patients have documented infection and loss of dendritic skin Langerhans' cells (Belsito et al, 1984) and blood DC (Macatonia et al, 1990).…”