CD4 validation for the World Health Organization classification and clinical staging of HIV/AIDS in a developing country

Edathodu, Jameela; Ali, Batool; Alrajhi, Abdulrahman A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2007.12.017

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The majority (92%) of women had a spontaneous normal delivery, and 34% went on to have a second pregnancy while in the study. At baseline, 85% of women were HIV disease stage I according to WHO Staging System assessed by clinical assessment and laboratory values from CD4 counts (Edathodu et al 2009), 29% had a CD4+ count of 500 or more. At 6 weeks postdelivery, 61% of women were in the normal range for BMI (18.5 to 24.9 kg m -2 ) (1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predictors of breastfeeding cessation examined included paternal age, maternal socio-demographic characteristics, maternal reproductive, nutritional status, HIV-related characteristics [HIV disease stage -clinical staging was used with CD4 counts when available and are shown to be correlated (Edathodu et al 2009), CD4+], and the child's morbidity history. Maternal social support at baseline was examined overall and by domain, e.g.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of breastfeeding cessation among HIV‐infected women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Petraro¹,

Duggan²,

Msamanga³

et al. 2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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This paper examines predictors of breastfeeding cessation among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. This was a prospective follow-up study of HIV-infected women who participated in a randomized micronutrient supplementation trial conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 795 HIV-infected Tanzanian women with singleton newborns were utilized from the cohort for this analysis. The proportion of women breastfeeding declined from 95% at 12 months to 11% at 24 months. The multivariate analysis showed breastfeeding cessation was significantly associated with increasing calendar year of delivery from 1995 to 1997 [risk ratio (RR), 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.63], having a new pregnancy (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.10–1.61), overweight [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg m−2; RR 1.37; 95% CI 1.07–1.75], underweight (BMI <18.5 kg m−2; RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.00–1.65), introduction of cow’s milk at infant’s age of 4 months (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.04–1.63). Material and social support was associated with decreased likelihood of cessation (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.68–1.02). Demographic, health and nutritional factors among women and infants are associated with decisions by HIV-infected women to cease breastfeeding. The impact of breastfeeding counselling programs for HIV-infected African women should consider individual maternal, social and health contexts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of breastfeeding cessation among HIV‐infected women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Petraro¹,

Duggan²,

Msamanga³

et al. 2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, this will not have significant influence on the interpretation as the CD4+ T cell count is used as part of the parameter for staging and found to be correlated with WHO stage of HIV/AIDS [14]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS and correlation with CD4+ cells count among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma town, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2013

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BackgroundHIV/AIDS is one of twenty first century’s challenges to human being with protean manifestation affecting nearly all organs of our body. It is causing high morbidity and mortality especially in sub-Saharan Africa with numerous ocular complications and blindness. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS and their correlation with CD4+Tcells count.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done on 348 HIV-positive patients presented to Anti-Retroviral Therapy clinics. Data were collected using face-to-face interview, clinical examination and laboratory investigation, and analyzed using SPSS version 13 software. Statistical association test was done and p<0.05 was considered significant. Other statistical tests like student t-test and logistic regression were also done.ResultsOf 348 patients, 175 were on antiretroviral therapy and 173 were not on therapy. The mean duration of therapy was 27 months. The overall prevalence of ocular manifestations was 25.3%. The commonest ocular manifestation was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (11.3%) followed by blepharitis (3.2%), molluscum contagiosum (2.6%), conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (2.3%), conjunctival microvasculopathy (2.3%), cranial nerve palsies (2%), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) (1.2%), and HIV retinopathy (0.6%). HIV retinopathy and conjunctival microvasculopathy were common in patient with CD4+ count of <200 cells/μl while HZO and molluscum contagiosum were common in patients with CD4+ count of 200–499 cells/μl. Prevalence of ocular manifestation was higher among patients on HAART (32.6%) than those patients not on HAART (17.9%) (p<0.05). There was statistically significant association between ocular manifestation and sex, CD4+Tcells count, and age (p<0.05). CD4+ count, <200 cells/μl and age >35 years were independent risk factors for ocular manifestations.ConclusionThe study showed that the prevalence of ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS is lower than previous studies and could be due to antiretroviral therapy. Lower CD4 count is a risk as well as predictor for ocular manifestations.

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“…A comparable delay in the onset of peak parasitemia has been reported during P. berghei NK65 infection in mice depleted of Tregs [16], and in the P. yoelii 17XL infection model the elimination of Tregs allows BALB/c mice to control otherwise lethal infections [17]. Moreover, during Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans, the expansion of natural Tregs and the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is correlated with higher parasite multiplication rates [18,19]. Altogether, these observations attribute contrasting functions to natural Tregs during Plasmodium infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Regulatory T-Cell Responses During Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Cerebral Malaria

et al. 2013

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Different functions have been attributed to CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) during malaria infection. Herein, we describe the disparity in Treg response and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA between young (3-week-old) and middle-aged (8-month-old) C57BL/6 mice. Young mice were susceptible to cerebral malaria (CM), while the middle-aged mice were resistant to CM and succumbed to hyperparasitemia and severe anemia. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, in young CM-susceptible mice were markedly higher than in middle-aged CM-resistant mice. An increased absolute number of Tregs 3-5 days post-inoculation, co-occurring with elevated IL-10 levels, was observed in middle-aged CM-resistant mice but not in young CM-susceptible mice. Our findings suggest that Treg proliferation might be associated with the suppression of excessive pro-inflammatory Th1 response during early malaria infection, leading to resistance to CM in the middle-aged mice, possibly in an IL-10-dependent manner.

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CD4 validation for the World Health Organization classification and clinical staging of HIV/AIDS in a developing country

Abstract: The WHO clinical staging and classification of HIV/AIDS correlates well with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts.

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Predictors of breastfeeding cessation among HIV‐infected women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Predictors of breastfeeding cessation among HIV‐infected women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS and correlation with CD4+ cells count among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma town, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Age-Related CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Regulatory T-Cell Responses During Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Cerebral Malaria

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CD4 validation for the World Health Organization classification and clinical staging of HIV/AIDS in a developing country

Abstract: The WHO clinical staging and classification of HIV/AIDS correlates well with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts.

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Predictors of breastfeeding cessation among HIV‐infected women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Predictors of breastfeeding cessation among HIV‐infected women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS and correlation with CD4+ cells count among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma town, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Age-Related CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Regulatory T-Cell Responses During Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Cerebral Malaria

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Age-Related CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Regulatory T-Cell Responses During Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Cerebral Malaria