CD5 Deficiency Alters Helper T Cell Metabolic Function and Shifts the Systemic Metabolome

Abstract

Metabolic function plays a key role in immune cell activation, destruction of foreign pathogens, and memory cell generation. As T cells are activated, their metabolic profile is significantly changed due to signaling cascades mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR) and co-receptors found on their surface. CD5 is a T cell co-receptor that regulates thymocyte selection and peripheral T cell activation. The removal of CD5 enhances T cell activation and proliferation, but how this is accomplished is not well understood. We examined how CD5 specifically affects CD4+ T cell metabolic function and systemic metabolome by analyzing serum and T cell metabolites from CD5WT and CD5KO mice. We found that CD5 removal depletes certain serum metabolites, and CD5KO T cells have higher levels of several metabolites. Transcriptomic analysis identified several upregulated metabolic genes in CD5KO T cells. Bioinformatic analysis identified glycolysis and the TCA cycle as metabolic pathways promoted by CD5 removal. Functional metabolic analysis demonstrated that CD5KO T cells have higher oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and higher extracellular acidification rates (ECAR). Together, these findings suggest that the loss of CD5 is linked to CD4+ T cell metabolism changes in metabolic gene expression and metabolite concentration.

Biochemical indicators, cell apoptosis, and metabolomic analyses of the low-temperature stress response and cold tolerance mechanisms in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Among them, N -Acetylornithine is a key intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis pathway of arginine 60 . The regulation of metabolic pathways for alanine, glutamine, glutamate, arginine, and proline is facilitated through the participation of l -Aspartic acid 61 , 62 . Arginine participates in hormone secretion and immune regulation 63 .…”

Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of SRCR Gene Superfamily in Invertebrates Reveals Massive and Independent Gene Expansions in the Sponge and Sea Urchin

“…SRCR domains are divided into Group A and Group B based on the number and position of conserved cysteine residues [16,17], with Group A having six cysteine residues that form three pairs of disulfide bonds, and Group B having eight cysteine residues that form four pairs of disulfide bonds [18]. For instance, CD5 (cluster of differentiation 5) [19], CD6 (cluster of differentiation 6) [20], and DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumor 1) [21] belong to Group B, whereas MARCO (macrophage receptor with collagenous structure) [22], Mac2BP (Mac-2 binding protein) [23], and LOX (lysyl oxidase) family (LOX-like 2, LOX-like 3, and LOX-like 4) [24] belong to Group A. Until now, research on SRCR-SFs within Group B has primarily focused on vertebrates, with only one reported instance in the invertebrate Geodia cydonium [25].…”