CD59 Underlines the Antiatherosclerotic Effects of C-Phycocyanin on Mice

Abstract

The effects of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) on atherosclerosis and the regulatory effects of CD59 gene on anti-atherosclerotic roles of C-PC were investigated. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(−/−)) mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, C-PC treatment group, CD59 transfection group and C-PC+CD59 synergy group. The mice were fed with high-fat-diet and treated with drug intervention at the same time. Results showed the atherosclerotic mouse model was successfully established. CD59 was over-expressed in blood and tissue cells. Single CD59 or C-PC could reduce blood lipid levels and promote the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 but inhibit pro-apoptotic Fas proteins in endothelial cells. The expression levels of cell cycle protein D1 (Cyclin D1) and mRNA levels of cyclin dependent protein kinase 4 (CDK4) in smooth muscle cells were restrained by CD59 and C-PC. CD59 or C-PC alone could inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by suppressing MMP-2 protein expression. In addition, C-PC could promote CD59 expression. So both CD59 and C-PC could inhibit the progress of atherosclerosis, and the anti-atherosclerotic effects of C-PC might be fulfilled by promoting CD59 expression, preventing smooth muscle cell proliferation and the apoptosis of endothelial cells, reducing blood fat levels, and at last inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis.

Edible Cyanobacterial Genus Arthrospira: Actual State of the Art in Cultivation Methods, Genetics, and Application in Medicine

“…Phycocyanin significantly decreases HeLa cells multiplication in comparison to control cells (Li et al, 2006 , 2013 ; Yang et al, 2014 ). Furthermore, it activates the apoptotic pathway, including cell shrinkage in HeLa cell lines.…”

“…This activity prevents smooth muscle cell proliferation and the apoptosis of endothelial cells, reducing blood fat levels. In consequence, C-phycocyanin inhibits the development of atherosclerosis (Li et al, 2013 ). The GLA present in Arthrospira reduces cholesterol accumulation in the hypolipidemic nephrotic syndrome (Samuels et al, 2002 ).…”

Medical Application of Spirulina platensis Derived C‐Phycocyanin

“…The lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects of C-PC suggest its roles in CVD prevention and atherosclerotic formation. Li [ 128 ] found that C-PC can inhibit the progress of atherosclerosis, and the antiatherosclerotic effects of C-PC might be enhanced by promoting CD59 expression, preventing smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial cell apoptosis, reducing blood fat levels, and inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis.…”

Antioxidant bilirubin works in multiple ways to reduce risk for obesity and its health complications

“…Increased vascular expression and activity of NADPH oxidase is a feature of metabolic syndrome and a mediator of the associated endothelial dysfunction 90–93. Ingestion of spirulina or phycocyanin has been found to exert anti-atherosclerotic effects in rodent models 94–97…”