CEACAM1 (CD66a, C-CAM, BGP) is an adhesion molecule of the carcinoembryonic antigen family which has been shown to be normally expressed at the apical pole of epithelial cells, including the apical pole of endometrial surface and glandular epithelia. The purpose of the present study was to investigate its expression pattern at the maternal-fetal interface, and thus to determine whether CEACAM1 could be implicated in the human implantation process. For this purpose, we performed immunohistochemistry using the 4D1/C2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as well as flow cytometry and Western blot on isolated trophoblast populations. On the maternal side of the maternalfetal interface, CEACAM1 was present in epithelial cells of pregnancy endometrium as well as in small endometrial vessels, whereas it was absent from decidual cells. On the fetal side, CEACAM1 was strongly expressed by the extravillous (intermediate) trophoblast at the implantation site, as well as by extravillous trophoblast cells with invasive phenotype in primary culture, as shown by flow cytometry and Western blot. Expression was also observed in placental villous core vessels but was absent from both villous cyto-and syncytiotrophoblasts throughout the pregnancy. We conclude that, given its specific ex- The trophoblast is the first tissue to differentiate in the mammalian conceptus and its normal development and specific properties are crucial for both implantation and further survival of the embryo. Furthermore, the placenta is unique in its ability to proliferate and invade another tissue in a controlled fashion and is thus a very interesting model for the study of molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, and for differentiating them from those implicated in tumor progression.During development of the human placenta, the stem cell-like cytotrophoblast proliferates and gives rise to the differentiated syncytiotrophoblast on the villous surface and to the invasive intermediate trophoblast, which invades the maternal tissues and provides the anchoring of the placenta and the conceptus at the maternal-fetal interface. 1 The extravillous trophoblast can be further divided into proximal extravillous trophoblast originating from the anchoring villi; deep interstitial extravillous trophoblast invading the decidual stroma and the myometrium; and endovascular trophoblast, which assumes endothelial-like characteristics. [2][3][4] Starting with the initial contact which is made between the trophoblast and the apical plasma membrane of the endometrial surface epithelial cells, through the invasion of the decidua and the invasion of decidual vessels with gradual colonization of the arterial wall of the spiral arteries, cellular contacts mediated by cell adhesion molecules are of essential importance.Cell adhesion molecules are important mediators of tissue architecture and cellular polarity which also mod-