“…As a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials, due to their simple preparation process, extremely small size, excellent optical properties, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility, − carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in biological fields such as biosensing, , cell imaging, , drug delivery, and antibacterial ,, and tumor therapy. − Small-sized CDs have a large specific surface area and can more firmly bind to bacteria . Through electrostatic attraction, positively charged CDs can bind to the cell membrane of negatively charged bacteria, destroy the cell membrane of bacteria, and leak their cytoplasmic components, eventually leading to bacterial death and achieving better antibacterial performance .…”