The stabilities of Ca2+-regulated ctenophore and coelenterate
apo-photoproteins, apo-mnemiopsin (apo-Mne) and apo-aequorin (apo-Aeq),
respectively, were compared biochemically, biophysically, and structurally.
Despite high degrees of structural and functional conservation, drastic
variations in stability and structural dynamics were found between
the two proteins. Irreversible thermoinactivation experiments were
performed upon incubation of apo-photoproteins at representative temperatures.
The inactivation rate constants (k
inact) at 50 °C were determined to be 0.001 and 0.004 min–1 for apo-Mne and apo-Aeq, respectively. Detailed analysis of the
inactivation process suggests that the higher thermostability of apo-Mne
is due to the higher activation energy (E
a) and subsequently higher values of ΔH* and
ΔG* at a given temperature. According to molecular
dynamics simulation studies, the higher hydrogen bond, electrostatic,
and van der Waals energies in apo-Mne can validate the relationship
between the thermal adaptation of apo-Mne and the energy barrier for
the inactivation process. Our results show that favorable residues
for protein thermostability such as hydrophobic, charged, and adopted
α-helical structure residues are more frequent in the apo-Mne
structure. Although the effect of acrylamide on fluorescence quenching
suggests that the local flexibility in regions around Trp and Tyr
residues of apo-Aeq is higher than that of apo-Mne, which results
in it having a better ability to penetrate acrylamide molecules, the
root-mean-square fluctuation of helix A in apo-Mne is higher than
that in apo-Aeq. It seems that the greater flexibility of apo-Mne
in these regions may be considered as a determining factor, affecting
the thermal stability of apo-Mne through a balance between structural
rigidity and flexibility.