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Abstract

Some nurses who work the night shift experience high levels of sleepiness. Napping has been adopted as an effective countermeasure to sleepiness and fatigue in other safety-sensitive industries but has not had widespread acceptance in nursing. In this two-hospital implementation project, napping was offered to six nursing units where nurse executives had previously approved nap implementation for the night shift as a pilot project. Successful implementation occurred in only one of the six units with partial success in a second unit. Barriers primarily occurred at the point of seeking unit-based nursing leadership approval. On the successful unit, one hundred fifty three 30-minutes naps were taken during the 3-month pilot period. A Nap Experience Survey measured sleepiness prior to the nap, the nap duration and perceived sleep, sleep inertia after the nap, and the perceived helpfulness of the nap. A high level of sleepiness was present at the beginning of 44% of naps. For over half of naps, nurses reported sleeping slightly (43%) or deeply (14%). Sleep inertia was rare (very groggy or sluggish on arising, 1.3%). The average score of helpfulness of napping was high (7.3 on a 1–10 scale). Nurses who napped reported being less drowsy while driving home after their shift. These data suggest that when barriers to napping are overcome, napping on the nightshift is feasible and can reduce sleepiness and drowsy driving in nurses.

Napping on night‐shifts among nursing staff: A mixed‐methods systematic review

“…However, peripheral clock gene expression was not significantly different among groups (Bracci et al, 2013). The results confirm there is a trend such that the breast cancer risk may is lower for those who take night-shift napping than non-nappers.…”

“…The total sample size of this studies was 4,701, with 2,592 nurses (55%) having naps during night-shift. Ten studies reported the length of nurses' napping at night-shift (Barthe et al, 2016;Bracci et al, 2013;Castro et al, 2015;Daurat & Foret, 2004;Ribeiro-Silva et al, 2006;Rotenberg et al, 2016;Silva-Costa et al, 2011Takahashi et al, 1999), which varies depending on the length of their The time devoted to sleep/rest per working night did not differ between those who work more and those who work less hours (p = 0.490). Nurses with two jobs devoted more time to sleep/rest on the job than those with one job (p = 0.058).…”

“…Nurses and nursing managers corroborated that napping is important for the safety of people and nurses. However, they also affirmed that the implementation of napping in nursing has many barriers (Brown et al, 2016;Silva-Costa, Araújo, Nagai, & Fischer, 2010). Reviews about the napping of nurses during night-shift do not exist yet.…”

“…States (N = 4), Japan (N = 3), France (N = 2), Canada (N = 2), Jordan (N = 1), Taiwan (N = 1), Italy (N = 1) and Australia (N = 1) ( In the studies included, eighteen were quantitative, two were qualitative, one study used an initial pre-and-post intervention design followed by a qualitative interview (Brown et al, 2016) and one study used observation, diary and scale methods to collect data (Barthe, Tirilly, Gentil, & Toupin, 2016). Quantitative studies included RCTs (N = 4) (Chang et al, 2015;Oriyama, Miyakoshi, & Kobayashi, 2014;Smith et al, 2007;Smith-Coggins et al, 2006), cross-sectional studies (N = 14) (Borges et al, 2009;Bracci et al, 2013;Castro et al, 2015;Dalky, Raeda, & Esraa, 2018;Daurat & Foret, 2004…”

“…Among the studies included, 14 studies reported the status of nightnapping of nurses (Barthe et al, 2016;Borges et al, 2009;Bracci et al, 2013;Castro et al, 2015;Daurat & Foret, 2004;Fallis et al, 2011;Neville et al, 2017;Ribeiro-Silva et al, 2006;Rotenberg et al, 2016;Silva-Costa et al, 2011Takahashi et al, 1999Takahashi et al, , 2009).…”