Ce

Abstract

HIV has evolved over the past 30 years from a virtual death sentence to a chronic and manageable disease. Nurses in the United States have helped to change the epidemic through advocacy, education, care, and support for people living with HIV infection. They have contributed to the expansion of HIV prevention methods, provided support to this population and their families, and helped make HIV treatments more effective and efficient. People with HIV infection who access and remain in care can now enjoy both an improved quality of life and a greater life expectancy. Here, the authors discuss HIV epidemiology and policy in the United States, the concept of the HIV care cascade, advances in HIV testing and treatment, and how nurses can continue to have a positive impact on the HIV epidemic by encouraging testing, connecting newly diagnosed patients to specialty care, retaining these patients in long-term care, and providing access to combination antiretroviral therapy.

Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy impact on clinical and economic outcomes for Medicaid enrollees with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C coinfection

“…At the provider level, increased physician experience with HIV and AIDS is the most important factor associated with the successful treatment of HIV infected patients(Kitahata et al, 1996). At the practice level, lessons learned from successful chronic disease management programs such as nurse care managers, patient navigators, peer support, group visits, open access scheduling, telephone and text-message follow-up, and other panel-based care management strategies can be applied to the complexity of managing HIV and HCV co-infection(Starr & Springer, 2014; Tu et al, 2013). …”

Social Support Networks of People Recently Diagnosed with HIV in Queensland: A Qualitative Exploration

“…Globally, HIV continues to present a significant public health challenge as the world enters the fourth decade of the epidemic (Starr & Bradley-Springer, 2014). In Australia today, nearly 28,000 people are living with HIV, with around 970 new diagnoses annually (The Kirby Institute, 2018).…”

“…This period follows many substantial social, biomedical and epidemiological changes in the Australian HIV care landscape over past decades. Until the advent of effective ART in the mid-1990s, prevention was the only defence in the fight against HIV and palliation the only option for those with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses (Starr & Bradley-Springer, 2014).…”

“…ART initiation and life-long adherence (the long-term continuance of therapy every single day at the correct dose) are necessary to inhibit viral replication, reduce HIV viral load and preserve immune function (Bekker et al, 2015;Kalichman et al, 2010;Starr & Bradley-Springer, 2014). Poor ART adherence can lead to the onset of AIDS-defining illnesses and increase the likelihood of drug resistance, which can limit future treatment options (ASHM, 2014a; Starr & Bradley-Springer, 2014). With the advent of TasP, a new moral discourse is emerging with an increased focus on the role of ART in HIV prevention (Persson, 2015).…”

“…HIV requires close monitoring for life, to ensure viral suppression is maintained and to prevent the onset of complications (Deeks et al, 2013). Existing evidence points to a range of health challenges facing PLHIV long-term (Starr & Bradley-Springer, 2014). For some PLHIV, long-term effects of ART use include changes to kidney function, diabetes, pancreatitis, fat maldistribution and severe hypersensitivity (Bradley-Springer, Stevens, & Webb, 2010;Starr & Bradley-Springer, 2014).…”