Cedric Masey White and his solution to the pipe flow problem

Hager, Willi H.

doi:10.1680/wama.2010.163.10.529

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The Colebrook equation for flow friction is an empirical formula developed by C. F. Colebrook in 1939 [1] and it is based on his joint experiment, which was performed with Prof. C. M. White in 1937 [2]. Colebrook was at this time a PhD student of Prof. White at Imperial College in London, UK [3]. The experiment was performed with a set of pipes of which the inner side was covered with sand of different grain sizes, while one was left completely without sand to be smooth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Can Students Learn While Solving Colebrook’s Flow Friction Equation?

Brkić

Praks

2019

Fluids

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Even a relatively simple equation such as Colebrook’s offers a lot of possibilities to students to increase their computational skills. The Colebrook’s equation is implicit in the flow friction factor and, therefore, it needs to be solved iteratively or using explicit approximations, which need to be developed using different approaches. Various procedures can be used for iterative methods, such as single the fixed-point iterative method, Newton–Raphson, and other types of multi-point iterative methods, iterative methods in a combination with Padé polynomials, special functions such as Lambert W, artificial intelligence such as neural networks, etc. In addition, to develop explicit approximations or to improve their accuracy, regression analysis, genetic algorithms, and curve fitting techniques can be used too. In this learning numerical exercise, a few numerical examples will be shown along with the explanation of the estimated pedagogical impact for university students. Students can see what the difference is between the classical vs. floating-point algebra used in computers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Can Students Learn While Solving Colebrook’s Flow Friction Equation?

Brkić

Praks

2019

Fluids

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“…The final paper in this issue (Hager, 2010) is different in both style and content, but also serves to emphasise the main point made in the first paragraph of this editorial. Although Professor White's output in published work was minimal (20 papers in 40 years), his research activities were wide ranging and productive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial

Knight¹

2010

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Manag

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The papers in this year's final issue of Water Management not only all reflect important features of modern hydraulic engineering practice, but also have an underlying unity. To begin with, the majority highlight the importance of wellfocused experimental studies to elucidate key hydraulic phenomena that are not readily amenable to investigation by purely analytical or numerical models. The studies therefore required well-equipped laboratories, with suitable facilities for measurement and analysis. In no way wishing to diminish the role of modelling or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the analysis and solution of many practical problems, or as a means of understanding fundamental hydraulic processes, these papers are a reminder that CFD, or modelling in general, is not the answer to everything. Even today, physical studies are still required in order to fully understand some of the fascinating phenomena within fluid flows in open channels and pipes.The paper by Martín-Vide et al. (2010) describes experiments designed to understand the morphological evolution of a river inside a sharp bend where the footings of vertical walls require protection; a not uncommon requirement in urban waterfront developments. Riprap placed near the toe is known to protect such walls, but the way in which it subsequently deforms and develops into a sloping apron, thereby changing the features of the mainstream flow, is described. The authors not only show how such riprap can be an effective tool against scour at the toe of the outer bend wall, but also explain the mechanism by which the thalweg is pushed away from the outer wall and the mainstream velocities and boundary shear stresses are modified. Such flexible and falling aprons that respond to the river flow are then shown to provide a potentially simple solution to a practical problem.The two other papers on riprap and scour in this issue further illustrate the value of experimental studies. The paper by examines the four possible failure mechanisms of riprap placed on an apron, with particular relevance to characterising the size of riprap blocks to be placed on aprons at the base of spill-through abutments. Extensive studies on shear and erosion failure mechanisms, undertaken in two moderate-sized experimental flumes in the leading laboratories of two countries are described, leading to the validation of an equation for sizing stone riprap to prevent both shear failure and erosion failure over the abutment side slopes. The concept of critical approach velocity or intensity is also highlighted as being of some practical use.The paper by Cardoso and Fael (2010) differs in that it uses existing data from a particular set of long-lasting flow experiments on clear water scour (already reported in the literature) to re-examine the reasons why time to equilibrium scour in the field is often longer than that based on laboratory experiments, and why consequently field studies tend to report observed scour depths smaller than those calculated from equations based on equilibrium lab...

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Albert Strickler: His Life and Work

Hager

2015

J. Hydraul. Eng.

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Cedric Masey White and his solution to the pipe flow problem

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

What Can Students Learn While Solving Colebrook’s Flow Friction Equation?

What Can Students Learn While Solving Colebrook’s Flow Friction Equation?

Editorial

Albert Strickler: His Life and Work

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