Cefixime-Containing Silica Nanoseeds Coated by a Hybrid PVA-Gold Network with a Cys–Arg Dipeptide Conjugation: Enhanced Antimicrobial and Drug Release Properties

Abstract

Therapeutic nano-bioconjugates (TNBCs) as an advanced class of drug delivery systems have attracted much attention due to more efficacy than the individual medications. Hence, in this study, a novel anti-infection TNBC system is designed based on highly porous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and hybridized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for the efficient delivery of cefixime (CFM). Furthermore, a conjugation of cysteine−arginine (CR) dipeptide is made onto the surfaces for the enhancement of cell adhesion. Concisely, the AuNPs incorporated inside the PVA network play the key role in the controlled release process triggered by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) heating. The drug content of the CFM-containing cargo (named as CFM@SiO 2 /PVA/Au−CR) and related release profile have been precisely studied by the confirmed analytical methods. Eventually, confocal microscopy on the stained cells has revealed that the TNBC particles are capable of entering the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) bacterial cells better than the individual CFM. Also, optical density experiments (OD 600 ) have corroborated that the prepared CFM@SiO 2 /PVA/Au−CR TNBC includes a high antimicrobial effect on K. pneumoniae and E. coli cells with (93.0 ± 1.5) % and (86.8 ± 1.0) % success rates, respectively, whereas the same dosage of the individual CFM has shown a lower effect on the cell growth rate. Also, estimation of minimum inhibitory/ bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) confirmed the enhanced antibacterial property of the CFM through the presented delivery method. Overall, this product is suggested to be clinically administrated instead of the individual CFM due to its high efficacy and containing lower dosage of the antibiotic drug.

Efficient Photodegradation of Eriochrome Black-T by a Trimetallic Magnetic Self-Synthesized Nanophotocatalyst Based on Zn/Au/Fe-Embedded Poly(vinyl alcohol)

“…According to the spectrum of Fe 3 O 4 @PVA Figure 3a(i), the peaks that appeared at 3400, 2917, 1634, 1081, and 839 cm −1 are assigned to the O−H stretching vibration of hydroxyl groups, C−H asymmetric stretching vibration, C�O carbonyl stretching vibration, acetyl group's C−O stretching vibration, and C−C stretching vibration, respectively. 46 The peak that emerged at 2340 cm −1 in Figure 3a(i,ii) is attributed to the atmospheric CO 2 . Also, the peaks at 580 and 630 cm −1 are distinctive peaks for metal−oxygen (Fe−O) stretching vibration modes.…”

Nanoscale bioconjugates: A review of the structural attributes of drug-loaded nanocarrier conjugates for selective cancer therapy

“…Moreover, the optical density measurements authenticated that this NBC system has shown elevated antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae and E. coli cells with (93.0 ± 1.5) % and (86.8 ± 1.0) %, respectively. One of this study's strengths is its enhanced antibacterial characteristic at lower drug dosage [ 133 ]. Another study has utilized D-amino acid-containing peptides to conjugate with bendamustine (BEN) drug, a DNA-alkylating chemotherapeutic with a short half-life, unstable and incompatible structure.…”

Synergies in antimicrobial treatment by a levofloxacin-loaded halloysite and gold nanoparticles with a conjugation to a cell-penetrating peptide

“…Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a substantial class of pure metallic nanomaterials that have been known for their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. 24 Concisely, the AuNPs can be converted into hot spots upon exposure to a specific wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, depending on their sizes. [25][26][27] This exclusive optical property has been used in different medical scopes, like photodynamic therapy of cancers.…”