Cefotaxime in the treatment of staphylococcal infections

Aldridge, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1016/0732-8893(95)00051-b

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Of the large number of species within the staphylococcal group, Staphylococcus aureus is considered to be the most virulent and is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections [1]; however, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently associated with catheter and prosthetic device infections. Antimicrobial therapy is essential for most staphylococcal infections, and in vitro susceptibility testing plays a pivotal role in the selection of antimicrobial agents, as susceptibility of staphylococcal strains to first-line agents is not predictable [2]. For most staphylococcal isolates, susceptibility to penicillinase-stable penicillins (eg, oxacillin) is the most important result a laboratory can provide as this result will indicate whether or not a β-lactam agent (with the exception of ceftaroline, as discussed below) might be appropriate for treatment of an infection caused by the isolate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale for Eliminating Staphylococcus Breakpoints for -Lactam Agents Other Than Penicillin, Oxacillin or Cefoxitin, and Ceftaroline

Bard

Gold

Limbago

2014

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Due to the ongoing concern about the reliability of Staphylococcus breakpoints (interpretive criteria) for other β-lactam agents, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recently approved the elimination of all breakpoints for antistaphylococcal β-lactams except for penicillin, oxacillin or cefoxitin, and ceftaroline. Routine testing of penicillin and oxacillin or cefoxitin should be used to infer susceptibility for all β-lactams with approved clinical indications for staphylococcal infections. It is critical for laboratories to reject requests for susceptibility testing of other β-lactams against staphylococci and to indicate that susceptibility to these agents can be predicted from the penicillin and oxacillin or cefoxitin results. This article reviews β-lactam resistance mechanisms in staphylococci, current antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting recommendations for β-lactams and staphylococci, and microbiologic data and clinical data supporting the elimination of staphylococcal breakpoints for other β-lactam agents.

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confidence: 99%

Rationale for Eliminating Staphylococcus Breakpoints for -Lactam Agents Other Than Penicillin, Oxacillin or Cefoxitin, and Ceftaroline

Bard

Gold

Limbago

2014

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…This drug is not effective against enterococci, as the use of penicillins for E. faecalis infections would typically involve ampicillin, usually in combination with an aminoglycoside (51). In addition, cephalosporins such as cefotaxime are considered second-line therapies for coagulase-negative staphylococci such as Staphylococcus epidermidis (52). However, enterococci are intrinsically resistant to this class of drugs, and their prevalence in the gut tends to increase in response to cephalosporin therapy (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida

et al. 2022

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Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually—predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America—are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation.

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“…This drug is not effective against enterococci, as the use of penicillins for E. faecalis infections would typically involve ampicillin, usually in combination with an aminoglycoside (39). In addition, cephalosporins such as cefotaxime are considered second-line therapies for coagulase-negative staphylococci such as S. epidermidis (40). However, enterococci are intrinsically resistant to this class of drugs, and their prevalence in the gut actually tends to increase in response to cephalosporin therapy (41).…”

Section: Projecting Primary Infection Clinical Risk From Venom-tolerant E Faecalis Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial adaptation to venom is common in snakes and spiders

Esmaeilishirazifard¹,

Usher²,

Trim³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane disrupting activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria. However, bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the oral and venom microbiome of 10 five snake and two spider species, we evidence viable microorganisms potentially unique to venom for black-necked spitting cobras (Naja nigricollis). Among these are two novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis misidentified by commonly used clinical biochemistry procedures as Staphylococcus; the genome sequence data of venom-specific isolates feature an additional 45 genes, at least 11 of which improve membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of 15 venom sterility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of venomous animal bite wounds. One Sentence Summary: Independent bacterial colonization of cobra venom drives acquisition of genes antagonistic to venom antimicrobial peptides.20

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Cefotaxime in the treatment of staphylococcal infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Rationale for Eliminating Staphylococcus Breakpoints for -Lactam Agents Other Than Penicillin, Oxacillin or Cefoxitin, and Ceftaroline

Rationale for Eliminating Staphylococcus Breakpoints for -Lactam Agents Other Than Penicillin, Oxacillin or Cefoxitin, and Ceftaroline

Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida

Microbial adaptation to venom is common in snakes and spiders

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